Abrahamsson Thomas R, Wu Richard You, Jenmalm Maria C
1] Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Division of Pediatrics, Linköping University, Sweden [2] Research Institute, Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
Research Institute, Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
Pediatr Res. 2015 Jan;77(1-2):214-9. doi: 10.1038/pr.2014.165. Epub 2014 Oct 13.
Limited microbial exposure is suggested to underlie the increase of allergic diseases in affluent countries, and bacterial diversity seems to be more important than specific bacteria taxa. Prospective studies indicate that the gut microbiota composition during the first months of life influences allergy development, and support the theory that factors influencing the early maturation of the immune system might be important for subsequent allergic disease. However, recent research indicates that microbial exposure during pregnancy may be even more important for the preventative effects against allergic disease. This review gives a background of the epidemiology, immunology, and microbiology literature in this field. It focuses on possible underlying mechanisms such as immune-regulated epigenetic imprinting and bacterial translocation during pregnancy, potentially providing the offspring with a pioneer microbiome. We suggest that a possible reason for the initial exposure of bacterial molecular patterns to the fetus in utero is to prime the immune system and/or the epithelium to respond appropriately to pathogens and commensals after birth.
在富裕国家，有限的微生物接触被认为是过敏性疾病增加的原因，而且细菌多样性似乎比特定的细菌分类群更重要。前瞻性研究表明，生命最初几个月的肠道微生物群组成会影响过敏的发展，并支持这样一种理论，即影响免疫系统早期成熟的因素可能对随后的过敏性疾病很重要。然而，最近的研究表明，孕期的微生物接触对于预防过敏性疾病可能更为重要。这篇综述给出了该领域流行病学、免疫学和微生物学文献的背景。它重点关注了可能的潜在机制，如孕期免疫调节的表观遗传印记和细菌易位，这可能为后代提供一个先锋微生物群。我们认为，细菌分子模式在子宫内最初接触胎儿的一个可能原因是使免疫系统和/或上皮细胞做好准备，以便在出生后对病原体和共生菌做出适当反应。
