Wassilak Steven G F, Oberste M Steven, Tangermann Rudolph H, Diop Ousmane M, Jafari Hamid S, Armstrong Gregory L
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia.
World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland.
J Infect Dis. 2014 Nov 1;210 Suppl 1(0 1):S5-15. doi: 10.1093/infdis/jiu456.
Despite substantial progress, global polio eradication has remained elusive. Indigenous wild poliovirus (WPV) transmission in 4 endemic countries (Afghanistan, India, Nigeria, and Pakistan) persisted into 2010 and outbreaks from imported WPV continued. By 2013, most outbreaks in the interim were promptly controlled. The number of polio-affected districts globally has declined by 74% (from 481 in 2009 to 126 in 2013), including a 79% decrease in the number of affected districts in endemic countries (from 304 to 63). India is now polio-free. The challenges to success in the remaining polio-endemic countries include (1) threats to the security of vaccinators in each country and a ban on polio vaccination in areas of Afghanistan and Pakistan; (2) a risk of decreased government commitment; and (3) remaining surveillance gaps. Coordinated efforts under the International Health Regulations and efforts to mitigate the challenges provide a clear opportunity to soon secure global eradication.
尽管取得了重大进展，但全球根除脊髓灰质炎的目标仍难以实现。4个流行国家（阿富汗、印度、尼日利亚和巴基斯坦）的本土野生脊髓灰质炎病毒（WPV）传播一直持续到2010年，并且输入性WPV引发的疫情仍在继续。到2013年，在此期间的大多数疫情都得到了迅速控制。全球受脊髓灰质炎影响的地区数量下降了74%（从2009年的481个降至2013年的126个），其中流行国家受影响地区的数量减少了79%（从304个降至63个）。印度现已无脊髓灰质炎。在其余脊髓灰质炎流行国家，实现成功面临的挑战包括：（1）各国疫苗接种人员的安全受到威胁，阿富汗和巴基斯坦部分地区禁止脊髓灰质炎疫苗接种；（2）政府承诺降低的风险；（3）仍然存在监测漏洞。根据《国际卫生条例》开展的协调努力以及为应对这些挑战而做出的努力，为早日确保全球根除脊髓灰质炎提供了明确的机遇。
