Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, United States.
National Primary Healthcare Development Agency, Abuja, Nigeria.
Pan Afr Med J. 2023 Jul 14;45(Suppl 2):4. doi: 10.11604/pamj.supp.2023.45.2.38079. eCollection 2023.
in August 2020, the World Health Organization African Region was certified free of wild poliovirus (WPV) when Nigeria became the last African country to interrupt wild poliovirus transmission. The National Polio Emergency Operations Center instituted in 2012 to coordinate and manage Nigerian polio eradication efforts reviewed the epidemiology of WPV cases during 2000-2020 to document lessons learned.
we analyzed reported WPV cases by serotype based on age, oral poliovirus vaccine immunization history, month and year of reported cases, and annual geographic distribution based on incidence rates at the Local Government Area level. The observed trends of cases were related to major events and the poliovirus vaccines used during mass vaccination campaigns within the analysis period.
a total of 3,579 WPV type 1 and 1,548 WPV type 3 laboratory-confirmed cases were reported with onset during 2000-2020. The highest WPV incidence rates per 100,000 population in Local Government Areas were 19.4, 12.0, and 11.3, all in 2006. Wild poliovirus cases were reported each year during 2000-2014; the endemic transmission went undetected throughout 2015 until the last cases in 2016. Ten events/milestones were highlighted, including insurgency in the northeast which led to a setback in 2016 with four cases from children previously trapped in security-compromised areas.
Nigeria interrupted WPV transmission despite the challenges faced because of the emergency management approach, implementation of mass vaccination campaigns, the commitment of the government agencies, support from global polio partners, and special strategies deployed to conduct vaccination and surveillance in the security-compromised areas.
2020 年 8 月，尼日利亚成为最后一个阻断野生脊灰病毒（WPV）传播的非洲国家，世界卫生组织非洲区域由此获得无野生脊灰病毒认证。2012 年成立的国家脊灰应急行动中心负责协调和管理尼日利亚的脊灰消除工作，该中心对 2000-2020 年 WPV 病例的流行病学进行了审查，以记录所汲取的经验教训。
我们根据年龄、口服脊灰疫苗免疫史、报告病例的月份和年份以及地方政府地区的发病率，对报告的 WPV 病例按血清型进行了分析。观察到的病例趋势与分析期间的重大事件以及大规模疫苗接种运动中使用的脊灰病毒疫苗有关。
共报告了 3579 例 WPV 1 型和 1548 例 WPV 3 型实验室确诊病例，发病时间为 2000-2020 年。地方政府地区每 10 万人中发病率最高的 WPV 分别为 19.4、12.0 和 11.3，均发生在 2006 年。2000-2014 年每年都报告有野生脊灰病毒病例；2015 年全年未发现地方性传播，直到 2016 年最后一例病例。突出强调了 10 个事件/里程碑，包括东北部的叛乱，这导致 2016 年出现了 4 例病例，这些病例来自此前被困在安全受到威胁地区的儿童。
尽管面临紧急管理方法、大规模疫苗接种运动的实施、政府机构的承诺、全球脊灰病毒合作伙伴的支持以及为在安全受到威胁地区开展疫苗接种和监测而部署的特殊战略等方面的挑战，尼日利亚还是阻断了 WPV 的传播。
