Mihajilov-Krstev Tatjana, Jovanović Boris, Jović Jovana, Ilić Budimir, Miladinović Dragoljub, Matejić Jelena, Rajković Jelena, Dorđević Ljubiša, Cvetković Vladimir, Zlatković Bojan
Department of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Sciences and Mathematics, University of Niš, Niš, Serbia.
Chair for Fish Diseases and Fisheries Biology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich, Munich, Germany.
Planta Med. 2014 Dec;80(18):1698-705. doi: 10.1055/s-0034-1383182. Epub 2014 Oct 15.
In this paper, the chemical composition and biological activity of the essential oil of Artemisia absinthium was studied. The aim of this study was to investigate the potential of ethnopharmacological uses of this plant species in the treatment of gastrointestinal diseases and wounds, and as an insect repellent. The aerial part of the plant was hydrodistilled, and the chemical composition of the essential oil was analyzed by gas chromatography and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. Forty-seven compounds, corresponding to 94.65 % of the total oil, were identified, with the main constituents being sabinene (24.49 %), sabinyl acetate (13.64 %), and α-phellandrene (10.29 %). The oil yield was 0.23 % (v/w). The antimicrobial activity of the oil was investigated against ten bacterial isolates (from patients wounds and stools) and seven American Type Culture Collection strains using a microwell dilution assay. The minimal inhibitory/bactericidal concentration of the oil ranged from < 0.08 to 2.43 mg/mL and from 0.08 to 38.80 mg/mL, respectively. The antioxidant activity of the essential oil was evaluated using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazil and 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid) radical-scavenging methods and assessed as significant. Skin irritation potential and acute toxicity of the oil were also investigated. Results of the skin irritant reaction showed that none of the 30 volunteers developed a positive skin irritant reaction to undiluted A. absinthium essential oil. Acute oral exposure to the essential oil did not cause mortality in the treated mice, but it did cause neurological, muscle, and gastrointestinal problems. A subchronic toxicity test on Drosophila melanogaster showed that the essential oil of A. absinthium is toxic for developing insect larvae. Starting with the concentration of 0.38 % of essential oil in medium, significant mortality of larvae exposed to the oil was noted when compared to the control. Probit analysis revealed that the LC50 value of A. absinthium essential oil for D. melanogaster larvae after 15 days of exposure was 6.31 % (49 mg/mL). The essential oil also affected the development of D. melanogaster larvae and significantly delayed achievement of the pupa stadium.
本文对苦艾精油的化学成分和生物活性进行了研究。本研究的目的是探究该植物物种在治疗胃肠道疾病和伤口以及作为驱虫剂方面的民族药理学应用潜力。将植物地上部分进行水蒸馏，并通过气相色谱和气相色谱/质谱联用仪分析精油的化学成分。共鉴定出47种化合物，占总油量的94.65%，主要成分是桧烯（24.49%）、乙酸桧酯（13.64%）和α-水芹烯（10.29%）。出油率为0.23%（v/w）。采用微孔稀释法研究了该精油对10株细菌分离株（来自患者伤口和粪便）和7株美国典型培养物保藏中心菌株的抗菌活性。该精油的最低抑菌/杀菌浓度分别为<0.08至2.43mg/mL和0.08至38.80mg/mL。使用2,2-二苯基-1-苦基肼和2,2'-联氮-双-（3-乙基苯并噻唑啉-6-磺酸）自由基清除法评估了该精油的抗氧化活性，并评定其具有显著活性。还研究了该精油的皮肤刺激性潜力和急性毒性。皮肤刺激性反应结果显示，30名志愿者中无人对未稀释的苦艾精油产生阳性皮肤刺激性反应。经口急性暴露于该精油未导致受试小鼠死亡，但确实引起了神经、肌肉和胃肠道问题。对黑腹果蝇进行的亚慢性毒性试验表明，苦艾精油对发育中的昆虫幼虫有毒性。从中等培养基中精油浓度为0.38%开始，与对照组相比，暴露于该精油的幼虫出现显著死亡率。概率分析显示，苦艾精油暴露15天后对黑腹果蝇幼虫的半数致死浓度值为6.31%（49mg/mL）。该精油还影响黑腹果蝇幼虫的发育，并显著延迟蛹期的到来。
