Risalde M A, Molina V, Sánchez-Cordón P J, Romero-Palomo F, Pedrera M, Gómez-Villamandos J C
Department of Comparative Pathology, Veterinary Faculty, University of Córdoba-Agrifood Campus of International Excellence (ceiA3), Edificio Sanidad Animal, Campus de Rabanales, Córdoba, Spain Department of Veterinary Science and Public Health, University of Milan, Via Celoria, Milano, Italy.
Department of Comparative Pathology, Veterinary Faculty, University of Córdoba-Agrifood Campus of International Excellence (ceiA3), Edificio Sanidad Animal, Campus de Rabanales, Córdoba, Spain School of Biological Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, BT9 7BL Belfast, UK.
Vet Pathol. 2015 Jul;52(4):644-53. doi: 10.1177/0300985814551579. Epub 2014 Oct 16.
The aim of this work was to study the interstitial aggregates of immune cells observed in pulmonary parenchyma of calves preinfected with bovine viral diarrhea virus and challenged later with bovine herpesvirus 1. In addition, the intent of this research was to clarify the role of bovine viral diarrhea virus in local cell-mediated immunity and potentially in predisposing animals to bovine respiratory disease complex. Twelve Friesian calves, aged 8 to 9 months, were inoculated with noncytopathic bovine viral diarrhea virus genotype 1. Ten were subsequently challenged with bovine herpesvirus 1 and euthanized at 1, 2, 4, 7, or 14 days postinoculation. The other 2 calves were euthanized prior to the second inoculation. Another cohort of 10 calves was inoculated only with bovine herpesvirus 1 and then were euthanized at the same time points. Two calves were not inoculated with any agent and were used as negative controls. Pulmonary lesions were evaluated in all animals, while quantitative and biosynthetic changes in immune cells were concurrently examined immunohistochemically to compare coinfected calves and calves challenged only with bovine herpesvirus 1. Calves preinfected with bovine viral diarrhea virus demonstrated moderate respiratory clinical signs and histopathologic evidence of interstitial pneumonia with aggregates of mononuclear cells, which predominated at 4 days postinoculation. Furthermore, this group of animals was noted to have a suppression of interleukin-10 and associated alterations in the Th1-driven cytokine response in the lungs, as well as inhibition of the response of CD8+ and CD4+ T lymphocytes against bovine herpesvirus 1. These findings suggest that bovine viral diarrhea virus preinfection could affect the regulation of the immune response as modulated by regulatory T cells, as well as impair local cell-mediated immunity to secondary respiratory pathogens.
本研究的目的是研究在预先感染牛病毒性腹泻病毒、随后又感染牛疱疹病毒1的犊牛肺实质中观察到的免疫细胞间质聚集物。此外，本研究的目的是阐明牛病毒性腹泻病毒在局部细胞介导免疫中的作用，以及其在使动物易患牛呼吸道疾病综合征方面的潜在作用。12头8至9月龄的弗里斯兰犊牛接种了非细胞病变型1型牛病毒性腹泻病毒。随后，其中10头犊牛感染牛疱疹病毒1，并在接种后1、2、4、7或14天实施安乐死。另外2头犊牛在第二次接种前实施安乐死。另一组10头犊牛仅接种牛疱疹病毒1，然后在相同时间点实施安乐死。2头犊牛未接种任何病原体，用作阴性对照。对所有动物的肺部病变进行评估，同时通过免疫组织化学检查免疫细胞的定量和生物合成变化，以比较合并感染的犊牛和仅感染牛疱疹病毒1的犊牛。预先感染牛病毒性腹泻病毒的犊牛表现出中度呼吸道临床症状和间质性肺炎的组织病理学证据，伴有单核细胞聚集，在接种后4天最为明显。此外，该组动物的白细胞介素-10受到抑制，肺部Th1驱动的细胞因子反应出现相关改变，同时CD8+和CD4+ T淋巴细胞对牛疱疹病毒1的反应也受到抑制。这些发现表明，预先感染牛病毒性腹泻病毒可能会影响由调节性T细胞调节的免疫反应，以及损害对继发性呼吸道病原体的局部细胞介导免疫。
