Department of Laboratory Medicine, MD Anderson Cancer Center, The University of Texas , Houston, TX , USA.
Crit Rev Clin Lab Sci. 2015;52(3):107-19. doi: 10.3109/10408363.2014.970266. Epub 2014 Oct 20.
Calcium, the fifth most common element in the body, plays major physiological functions. Measurement of blood calcium is one of the most commonly ordered laboratory tests in assessments of calcium homeostasis and disease diagnosis. Hypercalcemia is an increased level of calcium in the blood. This disorder is most commonly caused by primary hyperparathyroidism and malignancy. However, other less common causes of elevated calcium levels need to be considered when making a differential diagnosis. This review is intended to provide readers with a better understanding of calcium homeostasis and the causes and pathophysiology of hypercalcemia. Most importantly, this review describes useful approaches for laboratory scientists and clinicians to appropriately diagnose and assess hypercalcemia.
钙是人体内第五大常见元素，发挥着重要的生理功能。血钙测量是评估钙稳态和疾病诊断中最常进行的实验室检测之一。高钙血症是指血液中钙含量升高。这种疾病最常见的原因是原发性甲状旁腺功能亢进症和恶性肿瘤。然而，在进行鉴别诊断时，需要考虑其他不太常见的导致血钙水平升高的原因。本文旨在为读者提供对钙稳态以及高钙血症的病因和病理生理学的更好理解。最重要的是，本文描述了实验室科学家和临床医生用于恰当诊断和评估高钙血症的有用方法。
