DesChamps Trent D, Eason Arianne E, Sommerville Jessica A
Department of Psychology, University of Washington.
Infancy. 2016 Jul-Aug;21(4):478-504. doi: 10.1111/infa.12117. Epub 2015 Sep 30.
Recent evidence suggests that infants possess a rudimentary sensitivity to fairness: infants expect resources to be distributed fairly and equally, and prefer individuals that distribute resources fairly over those that do so unfairly. The goal of the present work was to determine whether infants' evaluations of fair and unfair individuals also includes an understanding that fair individuals are worthy of praise and unfair individuals are worthy of admonishment. After watching individuals distribute goods fairly or unfairly to recipients, 15-month-old (Experiments 1 and 2) and 13-month-old (Experiment 3) infants took part in a test phase in which they saw only the distributors' faces accompanied by praise or admonishment. Across all experiments, infants differentially shifted their visual attention to images of the fair and unfair distributors as a function of the accompanying praise or admonishment, although the direction in which they did so varied by age. Thus, by the start of the second year of life, infants appear to perceive fair individuals as morally praiseworthy and unfair individuals as morally blameworthy.
最近的证据表明，婴儿对公平具有初步的敏感性：婴儿期望资源得到公平和平等的分配，并且更喜欢公平分配资源的个体，而不是不公平分配资源的个体。本研究的目的是确定婴儿对公平和不公平个体的评价是否还包括一种理解，即公平的个体值得赞扬，不公平的个体值得告诫。在观看个体向接受者公平或不公平地分配物品后，15个月大的婴儿（实验1和2）和13个月大的婴儿（实验3）参与了一个测试阶段，在这个阶段中，他们只看到分配者的脸，并伴随着赞扬或告诫。在所有实验中，婴儿根据伴随的赞扬或告诫，有差异地将视觉注意力转移到公平和不公平分配者的图像上，尽管他们这样做的方向因年龄而异。因此，到生命第二年开始时，婴儿似乎将公平的个体视为道德上值得赞扬的，将不公平的个体视为道德上应受责备的。
