Arriola Carmen S, Gonzalez Armando E, Gomez-Puerta Luis A, Lopez-Urbina Maria T, Garcia Hector H, Gilman Robert H
San Marcos Veterinary School, San Marcos Major National University, Lima, Peru; Johns Hopkins University, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, United States of America.
San Marcos Veterinary School, San Marcos Major National University, Lima, Peru.
PLoS Negl Trop Dis. 2014 Oct 16;8(10):e3247. doi: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0003247. eCollection 2014 Oct.
Taenia solium infection causes severe neurological disease in humans. Even though infection and exposure to swine cysticercosis is scattered throughout endemic villages, location of the tapeworm only explains some of the nearby infections and is not related to location of seropositive pigs. Other players might be involved in cysticercosis transmission. In this study we hypothesize that pigs that carry nematodes specific to dung beetles are associated with cysticercosis infection and/or exposure. We carried out a cross-sectional study of six villages in an endemic region in northern Peru. We euthanized all pigs (326) in the villages and performed necropsies to diagnose cysticercosis. For each pig, we counted cysticerci; measured anti-cysticercus antibodies; identified intestinal nematodes; tabulated distance to nearest human tapeworm infection; and recorded age, sex, productive stage, and geographic reference. For the purpose of this paper, we defined cysticercosis infection as the presence of at least one cysticercus in pig muscles, and cysticercosis exposure as seropositivity to anti-cysticercus antibodies with the presence of 0-5 cysticerci. Compared to pigs without nematode infections, those pigs infected with the nematode Ascarops strongylina were significantly associated with the presence of cysticerci (OR: 4.30, 95%CI: 1.83-10.09). Similarly, pigs infected with the nematode Physocephalus sexalatus were more likely to have cysticercosis exposure (OR: 2.21, 95%CI: 1.50-3.28). In conclusion, our results suggest that there appears to be a strong positive association between the presence of nematodes and both cysticercosis infection and exposure in pigs. The role of dung beetles in cysticercosis dynamics should be further investigated.
猪带绦虫感染会导致人类严重的神经系统疾病。尽管猪囊尾蚴病的感染和暴露在流行村庄中分布广泛，但绦虫的位置只能解释部分附近的感染情况，且与血清学阳性猪的位置无关。可能有其他因素参与了囊尾蚴病的传播。在本研究中，我们假设携带粪甲虫特有的线虫的猪与囊尾蚴病感染和/或暴露有关。我们在秘鲁北部一个流行地区的六个村庄进行了一项横断面研究。我们对村庄里的所有猪（326头）实施安乐死并进行尸检以诊断囊尾蚴病。对于每头猪，我们清点囊尾蚴数量；检测抗囊尾蚴抗体；鉴定肠道线虫；列出到最近人类绦虫感染的距离；并记录年龄、性别、生产阶段和地理坐标。在本文中，我们将囊尾蚴病感染定义为猪肌肉中至少存在一个囊尾蚴，将囊尾蚴病暴露定义为抗囊尾蚴抗体血清学阳性且囊尾蚴数量为0至5个。与未感染线虫的猪相比，感染线虫强壮蛔状线虫的猪与囊尾蚴的存在显著相关（比值比：4.30，95%置信区间：1.83 - 10.09）。同样，感染线虫六翼泡首线虫的猪更有可能暴露于囊尾蚴病（比值比：2.21，95%置信区间：1.50 - 3.28）。总之，我们的结果表明，线虫的存在与猪的囊尾蚴病感染和暴露之间似乎存在很强的正相关。粪甲虫在囊尾蚴病动态变化中的作用应进一步研究。
