体育锻炼对物质使用障碍的影响：一项荟萃分析。
Impact of physical exercise on substance use disorders: a meta-analysis.
作者信息
Wang Dongshi, Wang Yanqiu, Wang Yingying, Li Rena, Zhou Chenglin
机构信息
Department of Sport Psychology, School of Kinesiology, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China.
Department of Sport Psychology, School of Kinesiology, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China; Center for Hormone Advanced Science and Education, Roskamp Institute, Sarasota, Florida, United States of America.
出版信息
PLoS One. 2014 Oct 16;9(10):e110728. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0110728. eCollection 2014.
OBJECTIVE
The goal of this meta-analysis was to examine whether long-term physical exercise could be a potential effective treatment for substance use disorders (SUD).
METHODS
The PubMed, Web of Science, Elsevier, CNKI and China Info were searched for randomized controlled trials (RCT) studies in regards to the effects of physical exercise on SUD between the years 1990 and 2013. Four main outcome measures including abstinence rate, withdrawal symptoms, anxiety, and depression were evaluated.
RESULTS
Twenty-two studies were integrated in the meta-analysis. The results indicated that physical exercise can effectively increase the abstinence rate (OR = 1.69 (95% CI: 1.44, 1.99), z = 6.33, p < 0.001), ease withdrawal symptoms (SMD = -1.24 (95% CI: -2.46, -0.02), z = -2, p<0.05), and reduce anxiety (SMD = -0.31 (95% CI: -0.45, -0.16), z = -4.12, p < 0.001) and depression (SMD = -0.47 (95% CI: -0.80, -0.14), z = -2.76, p<0.01). The physical exercise can more ease the depression symptoms on alcohol and illicit drug abusers than nicotine abusers, and more improve the abstinence rate on illicit drug abusers than the others. Similar treatment effects were found in three categories: exercise intensity, types of exercise, and follow-up periods.
CONCLUSIONS
The moderate and high-intensity aerobic exercises, designed according to the Guidelines of American College of Sports Medicine, and the mind-body exercises can be an effective and persistent treatment for those with SUD.
目的
本荟萃分析的目的是研究长期体育锻炼是否可能是物质使用障碍（SUD）的一种潜在有效治疗方法。
方法
检索了PubMed、科学网、爱思唯尔、中国知网和万方数据，查找1990年至2013年间关于体育锻炼对SUD影响的随机对照试验（RCT）研究。评估了四项主要结局指标，包括戒断率、戒断症状、焦虑和抑郁。
结果
22项研究纳入了荟萃分析。结果表明，体育锻炼可有效提高戒断率（OR = 1.69（95%CI：1.44，1.99），z = 6.33，p < 0.001），缓解戒断症状（SMD = -1.24（95%CI：-2.46，-0.02），z = -2，p<0.05），减轻焦虑（SMD = -0.31（95%CI：-0.45，-0.16），z = -4.12，p < 0.001）和抑郁（SMD = -0.47（95%CI：-0.80，-0.14），z = -2.76，p<0.01）。体育锻炼对酒精和非法药物滥用者的抑郁症状缓解作用比对尼古丁滥用者更明显，对非法药物滥用者的戒断率提高作用比对其他人群更显著。在运动强度、运动类型和随访时间三个类别中发现了相似的治疗效果。
结论
根据美国运动医学学院指南设计的中高强度有氧运动和身心锻炼对SUD患者可能是一种有效且持久的治疗方法。
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