Carreiro Stephanie, Smelson David, Ranney Megan, Horvath Keith J, Picard R W, Boudreaux Edwin D, Hayes Rashelle, Boyer Edward W
Department of Emergency Medicine, Division of Medical Toxicology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, University Campus, 55 Lake Avenue North, Worcester, MA, 01655, USA,
J Med Toxicol. 2015 Mar;11(1):73-9. doi: 10.1007/s13181-014-0439-7.
While reliable detection of illicit drug use is paramount to the field of addiction, current methods involving self-report and urine drug screens have substantial limitations that hinder their utility. Wearable biosensors may fill a void by providing valuable objective data regarding the timing and contexts of drug use. This is a preliminary observational study of four emergency department patients receiving parenteral opioids and one individual using cocaine in a natural environment. A portable biosensor was placed on the inner wrist of each subject, to continuously measure electrodermal activity (EDA), skin temperature, and acceleration. Data were continuously recorded for at least 5 min prior to drug administration, during administration, and for at least 30 min afterward. Overall trends in biophysiometric parameters were assessed. Injection of opioids and cocaine use were associated with rises in EDA. Cocaine injection was also associated with a decrease in skin temperature. Opioid tolerance appeared to be associated with a blunted physiologic response as measured by the biosensor. Laterality may be an important factor, as magnitude of response varied between dominant and nondominant wrists in a single patient with bilateral wrist measurements. Changes in EDA and skin temperature are temporally associated with intravenous administration of opioids and cocaine; the intensity of response, however, may vary depending on history and extent of prior use.
虽然可靠检测非法药物使用对成瘾领域至关重要，但目前涉及自我报告和尿液药物筛查的方法存在重大局限性，阻碍了它们的实用性。可穿戴生物传感器可能通过提供有关药物使用时间和背景的有价值客观数据来填补空白。这是一项对四名在自然环境中接受肠胃外阿片类药物治疗的急诊科患者和一名使用可卡因的个体进行的初步观察性研究。将一个便携式生物传感器放置在每个受试者的内腕上，以连续测量皮肤电活动（EDA）、皮肤温度和加速度。在给药前至少5分钟、给药期间以及给药后至少30分钟连续记录数据。评估生物生理参数的总体趋势。注射阿片类药物和使用可卡因与EDA升高有关。注射可卡因还与皮肤温度降低有关。通过生物传感器测量，阿片类药物耐受性似乎与生理反应减弱有关。由于在一名双侧手腕测量的患者中优势腕和非优势腕之间的反应幅度不同，因此左右侧性可能是一个重要因素。EDA和皮肤温度的变化在时间上与静脉注射阿片类药物和可卡因有关；然而，反应强度可能因既往使用史和使用程度而异。
