Kakoolaki Shapour, Talas Zeliha Selamoglu, Cakir Oguz, Ciftci Osman, Ozdemir Ilknur
Department of Aquatic Animal Health, Iranian Fisheries Research Organization, Tehran, Iran.
Department of Biology, Faculty of Arts and Science, Nigde University, 51200 Nigde, Turkey.
Basic Clin Neurosci. 2013 Spring;4(2):153-8.
Cypermethrin causes its neurotoxic effect through voltage-dependent sodium channels and integral protein ATPases in the neuronal membrane. Brain and nerve damage are often associated with low residual level of pesticides. In vitro and in vivo studies have also shown that pesticides cause free radical-mediated tissue damage in brain. Propolis has antioxidant properties. The main chemical classes found in propolis are flavonoids and phenolics. Bioflavonoids are antioxidant molecules that play important roles in scavenging free radicals, which are produced in neurodegenerative diseases and aging.
To determine the protective role of propolis, rainbow trouts were treated with cypermethrin, followed by biochemical analyses of brain tissue. Fish were divided into four groups: control, propolis-treated, cypermethrin-treated, and cypermethrin + propolis-treated.
In fish brains, catalase (CAT) activity decreased (P ≤ 0.001) and malondialdehyde (MDA) level increased (P ≤ 0.001) in cypermethrin-treated group compared to control group. In cypermethrin + propolis-treated group CAT activity increased (P ≤ 0.001) and MDA level decreased (P ≤ 0.001) compared to cypermethrin group.
The results demonstrated that the negative effects, observed as a result of cypermethrin treatment, could be reversed by adding supplementary propolis. Propolis may improve some biochemical markers associated with oxidative stress in fish brain, after exposure to cypermethrin.
氯氰菊酯通过神经元膜上的电压依赖性钠通道和整合蛋白ATP酶产生神经毒性作用。脑和神经损伤常与农药残留水平低有关。体外和体内研究还表明，农药会导致脑中自由基介导的组织损伤。蜂胶具有抗氧化特性。蜂胶中发现的主要化学类别是黄酮类化合物和酚类化合物。生物类黄酮是抗氧化分子，在清除神经退行性疾病和衰老过程中产生的自由基方面发挥重要作用。
为了确定蜂胶的保护作用，用氯氰菊酯处理虹鳟鱼，然后对脑组织进行生化分析。鱼被分为四组：对照组、蜂胶处理组、氯氰菊酯处理组和氯氰菊酯+蜂胶处理组。
与对照组相比，氯氰菊酯处理组鱼脑中过氧化氢酶（CAT）活性降低（P≤0.001），丙二醛（MDA）水平升高（P≤0.001）。与氯氰菊酯组相比，氯氰菊酯+蜂胶处理组CAT活性升高（P≤0.001），MDA水平降低（P≤0.001）。
结果表明，氯氰菊酯处理所观察到的负面影响可通过添加补充性蜂胶来逆转。接触氯氰菊酯后，蜂胶可能会改善与鱼脑氧化应激相关的一些生化指标。
