Rehm Jürgen, Anderson Peter, Barry Joe, Dimitrov Plamen, Elekes Zsuzsanna, Feijão Fernanda, Frick Ulrich, Gual Antoni, Gmel Gerrit, Kraus Ludwig, Marmet Simon, Raninen Jonas, Rehm Maximilien X, Scafato Emanuele, Shield Kevin D, Trapencieris Marcis, Gmel Gerhard
Social and Epidemiological Research (SER) Department, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ont., Canada.
Eur Addict Res. 2015;21(1):6-18. doi: 10.1159/000365284. Epub 2014 Oct 18.
Alcohol use disorders (AUDs), and alcohol dependence (AD) in particular, are prevalent and associated with a large burden of disability and mortality. The aim of this study was to estimate prevalence of AD in the European Union (EU), Iceland, Norway, and Switzerland for the year 2010, and to investigate potential influencing factors. The 1-year prevalence of AD in the EU was estimated at 3.4% among people 18-64 years of age in Europe (women 1.7%, men 5.2%), resulting in close to 11 million affected people. Taking into account all people of all ages, AD, abuse and harmful use resulted in an estimate of 23 million affected people. Prevalence of AD varied widely between European countries, and was significantly impacted by drinking cultures and social norms. Correlations with level of drinking and other drinking variables and with major known outcomes of heavy drinking, such as liver cirrhosis or injury, were moderate. These results suggest a need to rethink the definition of AUDs.
酒精使用障碍（AUDs），尤其是酒精依赖（AD），十分普遍，且与巨大的残疾和死亡负担相关。本研究的目的是估计2010年欧盟（EU）、冰岛、挪威和瑞士的酒精依赖患病率，并调查潜在影响因素。据估计，在欧洲18至64岁人群中，欧盟的酒精依赖1年患病率为3.4%（女性为1.7%，男性为5.2%），这导致近1100万人受到影响。考虑到所有年龄段的所有人，酒精依赖、滥用和有害使用导致估计有2300万人受到影响。欧洲国家之间的酒精依赖患病率差异很大，并且受到饮酒文化和社会规范的显著影响。与饮酒水平和其他饮酒变量以及与大量饮酒的主要已知后果（如肝硬化或损伤）的相关性为中等。这些结果表明有必要重新思考酒精使用障碍的定义。
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