Di Lullo Luca, House Andrew, Gorini Antonio, Santoboni Alberto, Russo Domenico, Ronco Claudio
Department of Nephrology and Dialysis, L. Parodi - Delfino Hospital, Piazza Aldo Moro, 1, 00034, Colleferro, Roma, Italy,
Heart Fail Rev. 2015 May;20(3):259-72. doi: 10.1007/s10741-014-9460-9.
Cardiovascular diseases such as coronary artery disease, congestive heart failure, arrhythmias and sudden cardiac death represent main causes of morbidity and mortality in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). Pathogenesis includes close linkage between heart and kidneys and involves traditional and non-traditional cardiovascular risk factors. According to a well-established classification of cardiorenal syndrome, cardiovascular involvement in CKD is known as "type-4 cardiorenal syndrome" (chronic renocardiac). The following review makes an overview about epidemiology, pathophysiology, diagnosis and treatment of cardiovascular complications in CKD patients.
心血管疾病，如冠状动脉疾病、充血性心力衰竭、心律失常和心源性猝死，是慢性肾脏病（CKD）患者发病和死亡的主要原因。其发病机制包括心脏和肾脏之间的紧密联系，并涉及传统和非传统的心血管危险因素。根据已确立的心脏-肾脏综合征分类，CKD中的心血管受累被称为“4型心脏-肾脏综合征”（慢性心肾综合征）。以下综述概述了CKD患者心血管并发症的流行病学、病理生理学、诊断和治疗。
