Chaabène Helmi, Tabben Montassar, Mkaouer Bessem, Franchini Emerson, Negra Yassine, Hammami Mehrez, Amara Samiha, Chaabène Raja Bouguezzi, Hachana Younés
Tunisian Research Laboratory "Sports Performance Optimization", National Center of Medicine and Science in Sports (CNMSS), Tunis, Tunisia,
Sports Med. 2015 Mar;45(3):337-52. doi: 10.1007/s40279-014-0274-7.
Boxing is one of the oldest combat sports. The aim of the current review is to critically analyze the amateur boxer's physical and physiological characteristics and to provide practical recommendations for training as well as new areas of scientific research. High-level male and female boxers show a propensity for low body fat levels. Although studies on boxer somatotypes are limited, the available information shows that elite-level male boxers are characterized by a higher proportion of mesomorphy with a well-developed muscle mass and a low body fat level. To help support the overall metabolic demands of a boxing match and to accelerate the recovery process between rounds, athletes of both sexes require a high level of cardiorespiratory fitness. International boxers show a high peak and mean anaerobic power output. Muscle strength in both the upper and lower limbs is paramount for a fighter's victory and is one of the keys to success in boxing. As boxing punches are brief actions and very dynamic, high-level boxing performance requires well-developed muscle power in both the upper and lower limbs. Albeit limited, the available studies reveal that isometric strength is linked to high-level boxing performance. Future investigations into the physical and physiological attributes of boxers are required to enrich the current data set and to help create a suitable training program.
拳击是最古老的格斗运动之一。本次综述的目的是批判性地分析业余拳击手的身体和生理特征，并为训练提供实用建议以及新的科研领域。高水平男女拳击手都有体脂水平低的倾向。尽管关于拳击手体型的研究有限，但现有信息表明，精英级别的男性拳击手的特点是中胚层体型比例较高，肌肉发达，体脂水平低。为了帮助满足拳击比赛的整体代谢需求，并加速回合间的恢复过程，男女运动员都需要高水平的心肺适能。国际拳击手展现出较高的峰值和平均无氧功率输出。上肢和下肢的肌肉力量对拳击手的胜利至关重要，是拳击成功的关键因素之一。由于拳击出拳是短暂且极具动态性的动作，高水平的拳击表现需要上肢和下肢都具备发达的肌肉力量。尽管现有研究有限，但揭示了等长力量与高水平拳击表现相关。未来需要对拳击手的身体和生理属性进行更多研究，以丰富当前数据集，并帮助制定合适的训练计划。
