Grossniklaus Ueli, Paro Renato
Institute of Plant Biology and Zürich-Basel Plant Science Center, University of Zürich, CH-8008 Zürich, Switzerland.
Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering, ETH Zürich, 4058 Basel, Switzerland.
Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol. 2014 Nov 3;6(11):a019331. doi: 10.1101/cshperspect.a019331.
Polycomb-group (PcG) genes encode chromatin proteins involved in stable and heritable transcriptional silencing. PcG proteins participate in distinct multimeric complexes that deposit, or bind to, specific histone modifications (e.g., H3K27me3 and H2AK119ub1) to prevent gene activation and maintain repressed chromatin domains. PcG proteins are evolutionary conserved and play a role in processes ranging from vernalization and seed development in plants, over X-chromosome inactivation in mammals, to the maintenance of stem cell identity. PcG silencing is medically relevant as it is often observed in human disorders, including cancer, and tissue regeneration, which involve the reprogramming of PcG-controlled target genes.
多梳蛋白家族（PcG）基因编码参与稳定且可遗传的转录沉默的染色质蛋白。PcG蛋白参与不同的多聚体复合物，这些复合物沉积或结合特定的组蛋白修饰（例如，H3K27me3和H2AK119ub1）以阻止基因激活并维持染色质抑制结构域。PcG蛋白在进化上是保守的，并且在从植物的春化作用和种子发育、哺乳动物的X染色体失活到干细胞特性维持等一系列过程中发挥作用。PcG沉默与医学相关，因为它经常在包括癌症在内的人类疾病以及涉及PcG控制的靶基因重编程的组织再生中被观察到。
