Gale S D, Brown B L, Erickson L D, Berrett A, Hedges D W
Department of Psychology,Brigham Young University,Provo, Utah,USA.
Department of Sociology,Brigham Young University,Provo, Utah,USA.
Parasitology. 2015 Apr;142(4):557-65. doi: 10.1017/S0031182014001577. Epub 2014 Nov 7.
Latent infection from Toxoplasma gondii (T. gondii) is widespread worldwide and has been associated with cognitive deficits in some but not all animal models and in humans. We tested the hypothesis that latent toxoplasmosis is associated with decreased cognitive function in a large cross-sectional dataset, the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). There were 4178 participants aged 20-59 years, of whom 19.1% had IgG antibodies against T. gondii. Two ordinary least squares (OLS) regression models adjusted for the NHANES complex sampling design and weighted to represent the US population were estimated for simple reaction time, processing speed and short-term memory or attention. The first model included only main effects of latent toxoplasmosis and demographic control variables, and the second added interaction terms between latent toxoplasmosis and the poverty-to-income ratio (PIR), educational attainment and race-ethnicity. We also used multivariate models to assess all three cognitive outcomes in the same model. Although the models evaluating main effects only demonstrated no association between latent toxoplasmosis and the cognitive outcomes, significant interactions between latent toxoplasmosis and the PIR, between latent toxoplasmosis and educational attainment, and between latent toxoplasmosis and race-ethnicity indicated that latent toxoplasmosis may adversely affect cognitive function in certain groups.
弓形虫的潜伏感染在全球范围内广泛存在，并且在一些（但并非所有）动物模型和人类中与认知缺陷有关。我们在一个大型横断面数据集——美国国家健康与营养检查调查（NHANES）中，检验了潜伏性弓形虫病与认知功能下降相关的假设。共有4178名年龄在20至59岁之间的参与者，其中19.1%的人具有抗弓形虫的IgG抗体。针对简单反应时间、处理速度以及短期记忆或注意力，估计了两个针对NHANES复杂抽样设计进行调整并加权以代表美国人口的普通最小二乘法（OLS）回归模型。第一个模型仅包括潜伏性弓形虫病的主效应和人口统计学控制变量，第二个模型添加了潜伏性弓形虫病与贫困收入比（PIR）、教育程度和种族之间的交互项。我们还使用多变量模型在同一模型中评估所有三个认知结果。尽管仅评估主效应的模型表明潜伏性弓形虫病与认知结果之间没有关联，但潜伏性弓形虫病与PIR之间、潜伏性弓形虫病与教育程度之间以及潜伏性弓形虫病与种族之间的显著交互作用表明，潜伏性弓形虫病可能会对某些群体的认知功能产生不利影响。
