Nowak E, Pfitzner R, Koźlik P, Kozynacka A, Durajski L, Przybyłowski P
Brothers Hospitallers of St. John of God Hospital, Department of Internal Medicine and Angiology, Kraków, Poland.
Jagiellonian University, Department of Cardiovascular Surgery and Transplantology, John Paul II Hospital, Kraków, Poland.
Transplant Proc. 2014 Oct;46(8):2509-18. doi: 10.1016/j.transproceed.2014.09.031.
Students manifest a high level of social commitment. Improving their knowledge and developing more positive attitudes toward organ transplantation may increase the number of organ donations. This study was an assessment of the knowledge and attitudes toward organ transplantation among young people in Poland, with an overview of current beliefs and potential methods for improving transplantology awareness.
The study included 400 medical students and 400 nonmedical students from public universities in Kraków, Poland. Data were collected by using an anonymous questionnaire examining demographic factors and transplantology issues.
Despite the overall positive attitude toward transplantology among academic students in Poland, the state of knowledge of the nonmedical population remains relatively low. The most important issues for social education to focus on are the role of presumed consent and brain death diagnosis, actual hazards of living donations, recipient qualification criteria, and the attitudes of religious authorities. The overall level of knowledge and the number of positive attitudes were significantly higher among medical students than among nonmedical students, proving that formal educational programs are more efficient than the more accessible but less reliable sources of knowledge.
Introduction of transplantology issues in schools and churches, promoting the positive outcomes of organ transplantation rather than negating false beliefs, and eliminating misleading information from the media may significantly increase young people's knowledge and result in more positive attitudes toward transplantology in a society-wide fashion. This outcome could create a favorable background for introducing an opt-in system of consent for organ donation.
学生表现出高度的社会责任感。提高他们关于器官移植的知识水平并培养更积极的态度可能会增加器官捐赠的数量。本研究评估了波兰年轻人对器官移植的知识和态度，概述了当前的观念以及提高移植学认知度的潜在方法。
该研究纳入了来自波兰克拉科夫公立大学的400名医学生和400名非医学生。通过使用一份匿名问卷收集数据，该问卷调查人口统计学因素和移植学相关问题。
尽管波兰大学生对移植学总体持积极态度，但非医学人群的知识水平仍然相对较低。社会教育应重点关注的最重要问题是推定同意和脑死亡诊断的作用、活体捐赠的实际风险、受者资格标准以及宗教当局的态度。医学生的总体知识水平和积极态度数量显著高于非医学生，这证明正规教育项目比更容易获取但可靠性较低的知识来源更有效。
在学校和教会引入移植学相关问题，宣传器官移植的积极成果而非否定错误观念，以及消除媒体中的误导性信息，可能会显著提高年轻人的知识水平，并在全社会范围内使人们对移植学产生更积极的态度。这一结果可能为引入器官捐赠的选择加入同意系统创造有利背景。
