IFM Biology, AVIAN Behavioural Genomics and Physiology Group, Linköping University, 58183 Linköping, Sweden; email:
Annu Rev Anim Biosci. 2014 Feb;2:85-104. doi: 10.1146/annurev-animal-022513-114135.
Across species, a similar suite of traits tends to develop in response to domestication, including modifications in behavior. Reduced fear and increased stress tolerance were central in early domestication, and many domestication-related behaviors may have developed as traits correlated to reduced fear. Genetic mechanisms involved in domestication of behavior can be investigated by using top-down or bottom-up approaches, either starting from the behavior variation and searching for underlying genes or finding selected loci and then attempting to identify the associated phenotypes. Combinations of these approaches have proven powerful, and examples of results from such studies are presented and discussed. This includes loci associated with tameness in foxes and dogs, as well as loci correlated with reduced aggression and increased sociality in chickens. Finally, some examples are provided on epigenetic mechanisms in behavior, and it is suggested that selection of favorable epigenetic variants may have been an important mechanism in domestication.
在不同物种中，通常会出现一系列相似的特征来适应驯化，包括行为的改变。在早期的驯化过程中，减少恐惧和增加压力耐受性是关键，许多与驯化相关的行为可能是作为与减少恐惧相关的特征而发展起来的。可以通过自上而下或自下而上的方法来研究与驯化行为相关的遗传机制，要么从行为变化开始，寻找潜在的基因，要么找到选择的基因座，然后尝试识别相关的表型。这些方法的结合已被证明是有效的，并且介绍和讨论了此类研究的结果示例。这包括与狐狸和狗的温顺性相关的基因座，以及与鸡的攻击性降低和社交性增加相关的基因座。最后，提供了一些关于行为的表观遗传机制的示例，并提出了选择有利的表观遗传变异可能是驯化的一个重要机制。
