Faramarzi Mahbobeh, Salmalian Hajar
Fatemeh Zahra Infertility and Reproductive Health Research Center, Department of Midwifery, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, IR Iran.
Iran Red Crescent Med J. 2014 Aug;16(8):e16307. doi: 10.5812/ircmj.16307. Epub 2014 Aug 5.
Primary dysmenorrhea seems to be one the most common gynecologic condition in women of childbearing age.
The aim of this research was to evaluate psychologic and nonpsychologic risk factors of primary dysmenorrhea.
A cross-sectional study was conducted on medical sciences students of Babol University of Medical Sciences. In this study, 180 females with dysmenorrhea and 180 females without dysmenorrhea were enrolled. Psychological risk factors were evaluated in four domains including affect, social support, personality, and alexithymia. Four questionnaires were used to assessed aforementioned domains, namely, Social Support Questionnaire (SSQ), depression, anxiety, stress (DAS-21), 20-item Toronto Alexithymia Scale (TAS-20), and NEO-Five Factor Inventory of Personality (NEO-FFI). In addition, nonpsychologic factors were evaluated in three domains including demographic characteristics, habits, and gynecologic factors. Data were analyzed using the χ2 test and multiple logistic regression analysis.
The strongest predictor of primary dysmenorrhea was low social support (OR = 4.25; 95% CI, 2.43-7.41). Risk of dysmenorrhea was approximately 3.3 times higher in women with alexithymia (OR = 3.26; 95% CI, 1.88-5.62), 3.1 times higher in women with menstrual bleeding duration ≥ 7 days (OR = 3.06; 95% CI, 1.73-5.41), 2.5 times higher in women with a neurotic character (OR = 2.53; 95% CI, 1.42-4.50), 2.4 times higher in women with a family history of dysmenorrhea (OR = 2.43; 95% CI, 1.42-4.50), and twice higher in women with high caffeine intake (OR = 1.97; 95% CI, 1.09-3.59).
Low social support, alexithymia, neuroticism trait, long menstrual bleeding, family history of dysmenorrhea, and high-caffeine diet are important risk factors for women with primary dysmenorrhea. This study recommended considering psychologic factors as an adjuvant to medical risks in evaluation and treatment of primary dysmenorrhea.
原发性痛经似乎是育龄女性中最常见的妇科疾病之一。
本研究旨在评估原发性痛经的心理和非心理风险因素。
对巴博尔医科大学的医学专业学生进行了一项横断面研究。本研究纳入了180名有痛经的女性和180名无痛经的女性。心理风险因素在四个领域进行评估，包括情感、社会支持、人格和述情障碍。使用四份问卷来评估上述领域，即社会支持问卷（SSQ）、抑郁、焦虑、压力量表（DAS - 21）、20项多伦多述情障碍量表（TAS - 20）和大五人格问卷（NEO - FFI）。此外，非心理因素在三个领域进行评估，包括人口统计学特征、习惯和妇科因素。数据采用χ²检验和多元逻辑回归分析。
原发性痛经的最强预测因素是社会支持低（比值比[OR]=4.25；95%置信区间[CI]，2.43 - 7.41）。述情障碍女性患痛经的风险大约高3.3倍（OR = 3.26；95% CI，1.88 - 5.62），月经出血持续时间≥7天的女性高3.1倍（OR = 3.06；95% CI，1.73 - 5.41），具有神经质性格的女性高2.5倍（OR = 2.53；95% CI，1.42 - 4.50），有痛经家族史的女性高2.4倍（OR = 2.43；95% CI，1.42 - 4.50），高咖啡因摄入量的女性高2倍（OR = 1.97；95% CI，1.09 - 3.59）。
社会支持低、述情障碍、神经质特质、月经出血时间长、痛经家族史和高咖啡因饮食是原发性痛经女性的重要风险因素。本研究建议在原发性痛经的评估和治疗中，将心理因素作为医疗风险的辅助因素加以考虑。
