Soubeiga Serge Theophile, Bisseye Cyrille, Compaore Rebecca, Assengone Elsa, Ouermi Djeneba, Djigma Florencia, Sagna Tani, Pietra Virginio, Simpore Jacques
Molecular Biology, University of Ouagadougou/CERBA/LABIOGENE, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso.
Faculty of Sciences, Department of Biology, University of Sciences and Technology of Masuku, Franceville, Gabon.
J Int AIDS Soc. 2014 Nov 2;17(4 Suppl 3):19701. doi: 10.7448/IAS.17.4.19701. eCollection 2014.
Despite many prevention efforts, the number of children infected by HIV in sub-Saharan Africa through vertical transmission remains high. This infection can be reduced through programmes of prevention of mother-to-child HIV transmission (PMTCT). The objective of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of the PMTCT protocol at Saint Camille Medical Centre in Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso.
From August 2012 to September 2013, samples of dried blood spot (DBS) were collected from 160 children aged 6 weeks born to HIV-1 positive mothers who were under PMTCT protocol at Saint Camille Medical Centre and 40 children of the same age group from orphanages and whose mothers were dead or unknown. The samples were tested using the Abbott Real Time HIV-1 Qualitative kit. The clinical data of mothers were collected and analyzed using SPSS Version 17.0 and Epi Info Version 6.0 softwares.
Among pregnant women in this study, 52.5% were predominantly young (24-29 years) and 60.62% were housewives. In total, 50.5% (101/200) were in combination of AZT/3TC/NVP and 29.5% (59/200) were on prophylaxis (AZT/3TC). The rate of vertical transmission of HIV-1 was 0.0% (p<0.001) in children whose mothers were taking a combination of AZT/3TC/NVP (0/101) or were on a prophylaxis AZT/3TC treatment (0 /59). The rate of HIV-1 transmission in orphaned children was 15.0% (6/40).
The PMTCT protocol is effective and reduces very significantly (p<0.001) the risk of transmission of HIV-1 from mother to child. In addition, screening by PCR of orphaned children vertically infected with HIV, enabled them to receive an early treatment.
尽管采取了许多预防措施，但撒哈拉以南非洲地区通过垂直传播感染艾滋病毒的儿童数量仍然居高不下。通过预防母婴传播艾滋病毒（PMTCT）计划可以减少这种感染。本研究的目的是评估布基纳法索瓦加杜古圣卡米尔医疗中心的PMTCT方案的有效性。
2012年8月至2013年9月，从圣卡米尔医疗中心接受PMTCT方案治疗的160名6周龄艾滋病毒-1阳性母亲所生儿童以及40名来自孤儿院且母亲已故或情况不明的同年龄组儿童中采集干血斑（DBS）样本。使用雅培实时艾滋病毒-1定性试剂盒对样本进行检测。使用SPSS 17.0版和Epi Info 6.0版软件收集并分析母亲的临床数据。
本研究中的孕妇中，52.5%主要为年轻人（24 - 29岁），60.62%为家庭主妇。总体而言，50.5%（101/200）采用齐多夫定/拉米夫定/奈韦拉平联合用药，29.5%（59/200）采用预防用药（齐多夫定/拉米夫定）。母亲服用齐多夫定/拉米夫定/奈韦拉平联合用药（0/101）或采用齐多夫定/拉米夫定预防治疗（0/59）的儿童中，艾滋病毒-1垂直传播率为0.0%（p<0.001）。孤儿中艾滋病毒-1传播率为15.0%（6/40）。
PMTCT方案有效，且能非常显著地降低（p<0.001）艾滋病毒-1母婴传播风险。此外，对垂直感染艾滋病毒的孤儿进行聚合酶链反应筛查，使他们能够尽早接受治疗。
