Gerba Charles P, Abd-Elmaksoud Sherif, Newick Huikheng, El-Esnawy Nagwa A, Barakat Ahmed, Ghanem Hossam
Department of Soil, Water and Environmental Science, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona,
Food Environ Virol. 2015 Mar;7(1):27-31. doi: 10.1007/s12560-014-9173-1. Epub 2014 Nov 16.
Test protocols have been developed by the United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) and the World Health Organization (WHO) to test water treatment devices/systems that are used at the individual and home levels to ensure the removal of waterborne viruses. The goal of this study was to assess if coliphage surrogates could be used in this testing in place of the currently required use of animal or human enteric viruses. Five different coliphages (MS-2, PRD1, ΦX-174, Qβ, and fr) were compared to the removal of poliovirus type 1 (LSc-2ab) by eight different water treatment devices/systems using a general case and a challenge case (high organic load, dissolved solids, and turbidity) test water as defined by the USEPA. The performance of the units was rated as a pass/fail based on a 4 log removal/inactivation of the viruses. In all cases, a failure or a pass of the units/system for poliovirus also corresponded to a pass/fail by all of the coliphages. In summary, in using pass/fail criteria as recommended under USEPA guidelines for testing water treatment device/systems, the use of coliphages should be considered as an alternative to reduce cost and time of testing such devices/systems.
美国环境保护局（USEPA）和世界卫生组织（WHO）已制定测试方案，用于检测在个人和家庭层面使用的水处理设备/系统，以确保去除水传播病毒。本研究的目的是评估是否可以使用大肠杆菌噬菌体替代物来代替当前要求使用的动物或人类肠道病毒进行此项测试。使用美国环境保护局定义的一般情况和挑战情况（高有机负荷、溶解固体和浊度）测试水，将五种不同的大肠杆菌噬菌体（MS-2、PRD1、ΦX-174、Qβ和fr）与八种不同的水处理设备/系统对1型脊髓灰质炎病毒（LSc-2ab）的去除情况进行比较。根据病毒4个对数级的去除/灭活情况，将这些装置的性能评定为通过/失败。在所有情况下，脊髓灰质炎病毒检测中装置/系统的失败或通过也对应于所有大肠杆菌噬菌体的通过/失败。总之，在按照美国环境保护局测试水处理设备/系统的指南建议使用通过/失败标准时，应考虑使用大肠杆菌噬菌体作为替代方法，以降低测试此类设备/系统的成本和时间。
