Jung Da-Woon, Kim Woong-Hee, Williams Darren R
*New Drug Targets Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, 1 Oryong-Dong, Buk-Gu, Gwangju 500-712, Republic of Korea.
Biochem Soc Trans. 2014 Dec;42(6):1756-61. doi: 10.1042/BST20140201.
Glycolysis is an ancient biochemical pathway that breaks down glucose into pyruvate to produce ATP. The structural and catalytic properties of glycolytic enzymes are well-characterized. However, there is growing appreciation that these enzymes participate in numerous moonlighting functions that are unrelated to glycolysis. Recently, chemical genetics has been used to discover novel moonlighting functions in glycolytic enzymes. In the present mini-review, we introduce chemical genetics and discuss how it can be applied to the discovery of protein moonlighting. Specifically, we describe the application of chemical genetics to uncover moonlighting in two glycolytic enzymes, enolase and glyceraldehyde dehydrogenase. This led to the discovery of moonlighting roles in glucose homoeostasis, cancer progression and diabetes-related complications. Finally, we also provide a brief overview of the latest progress in unravelling the myriad moonlighting roles for these enzymes.
糖酵解是一种古老的生化途径，它将葡萄糖分解为丙酮酸以产生ATP。糖酵解酶的结构和催化特性已得到充分表征。然而，人们越来越认识到这些酶参与了许多与糖酵解无关的兼职功能。最近，化学遗传学已被用于发现糖酵解酶中的新型兼职功能。在本综述中，我们介绍了化学遗传学，并讨论了它如何应用于蛋白质兼职功能的发现。具体来说，我们描述了化学遗传学在揭示两种糖酵解酶（烯醇化酶和甘油醛脱氢酶）兼职功能方面的应用。这导致了在葡萄糖稳态、癌症进展和糖尿病相关并发症中发现兼职作用。最后，我们还简要概述了在揭示这些酶的众多兼职功能方面的最新进展。
