一种光子热二极管。
A photon thermal diode.
作者信息
Chen Zhen, Wong Carlaton, Lubner Sean, Yee Shannon, Miller John, Jang Wanyoung, Hardin Corey, Fong Anthony, Garay Javier E, Dames Chris
机构信息
Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA.
Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of California, Riverside, California 92521, USA.
出版信息
Nat Commun. 2014 Nov 17;5:5446. doi: 10.1038/ncomms6446.
A thermal diode is a two-terminal nonlinear device that rectifies energy carriers (for example, photons, phonons and electrons) in the thermal domain, the heat transfer analogue to the familiar electrical diode. Effective thermal rectifiers could have an impact on diverse applications ranging from heat engines to refrigeration, thermal regulation of buildings and thermal logic. However, experimental demonstrations have lagged far behind theoretical proposals. Here we present the first experimental results for a photon thermal diode. The device is based on asymmetric scattering of ballistic energy carriers by pyramidal reflectors. Recent theoretical work has predicted that this ballistic mechanism also requires a nonlinearity in order to yield asymmetric thermal transport, a requirement of all thermal diodes arising from the second Law of Thermodynamics, and realized here using an 'inelastic thermal collimator' element. Experiments confirm both effects: with pyramids and collimator the thermal rectification is 10.9 ± 0.8%, while without the collimator no rectification is detectable (<0.3%).
热二极管是一种两端非线性器件，它能在热领域对能量载体（例如光子、声子和电子）进行整流，这是热传递领域类似于人们所熟悉的电二极管的情况。有效的热整流器可能会对从热机到制冷、建筑物的热调节以及热逻辑等各种应用产生影响。然而，实验验证远远落后于理论设想。在此，我们展示了光子热二极管的首个实验结果。该器件基于金字塔形反射器对弹道能量载体的不对称散射。近期的理论研究预测，这种弹道机制同样需要非线性才能产生不对称热传输，这是所有热二极管基于热力学第二定律所具备的要求，并且在此处通过一个“非弹性热准直器”元件得以实现。实验证实了这两种效应：有金字塔形反射器和准直器时，热整流率为10.9±0.8%，而没有准直器时则检测不到整流现象（<0.3%）。
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