Dominick P. Purpura Department of Neuroscience, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA.
Nat Neurosci. 2014 Dec;17(12):1767-75. doi: 10.1038/nn.3868. Epub 2014 Nov 17.
The graceful, purposeful motion of our body is an engineering feat that remains unparalleled in robotic devices using advanced artificial intelligence. Much of the information required for complex movements is generated by the cerebellum and the basal ganglia in conjunction with the cortex. Cerebellum and basal ganglia have been thought to communicate with each other only through slow, multi-synaptic cortical loops, begging the question as to how they coordinate their outputs in real time. We found that the cerebellum rapidly modulates the activity of the striatum via a disynaptic pathway in mice. Under physiological conditions, this short latency pathway was capable of facilitating optimal motor control by allowing the basal ganglia to incorporate time-sensitive cerebellar information and by guiding the sign of cortico-striatal plasticity. Conversely, under pathological condition, this pathway relayed aberrant cerebellar activity to the basal ganglia to cause dystonia.
我们身体的优美而有目的的运动是一项工程壮举，在使用先进人工智能的机器人设备中仍然无与伦比。复杂运动所需的大部分信息是由小脑和基底神经节与大脑皮层共同生成的。小脑和基底神经节被认为仅通过缓慢的、多突触的皮质环路相互传递信息，这就引出了一个问题，即它们如何实时协调其输出。我们发现，小脑通过小鼠中的一个非突触通路快速调节纹状体的活动。在生理条件下，这条短潜伏期通路能够通过允许基底神经节整合时间敏感的小脑信息和指导皮质纹状体可塑性的符号来促进最佳的运动控制。相反，在病理条件下，该通路将异常的小脑活动传递到基底神经节，导致肌张力障碍。
