Papadopoulou Athina, Tsoukala Dionysia, Tsoumakas Konstantinos
Asthma and Allergy Unit, Pediatric Department, KAT General Hospital, 2 Nikis Str, Kifissia GR14561, Greece.
Curr Pediatr Rev. 2014;10(4):275-81. doi: 10.2174/1573396310666141114225203.
The association of rhinitis with asthma symptoms in children is thought to be part of the united airway disease's theory which proposed three possible explanatory pathophysiological mechanisms: postnasal dripping, naso-bronchial reflex and systemic immune response. However, it is not clear if the relation is a co-morbid, precipitating or triggering condition or an epiphenomenon as an integrated part of the disease. In an attempt to evaluate the association, a review of all articles that were published in the last 10 years which referred to the relation of childhood rhinitis with asthma were analysed, whereas the recent knowledge on physiology and phenotype was reported as background. Even though both diseases share common etiology, epidemiology and immunology, there are important differences between the upper and lower airway system related both to inner organ cytology, immunity and heredity. Allergy seems to be the major causable factor for rhinitis and asthma association; however, ageenvironment interactions enhance the inspection that in preschoolers the diseases coexist, whereas in older children, they represent the manifestation of one united syndrome.
儿童鼻炎与哮喘症状之间的关联被认为是联合气道疾病理论的一部分，该理论提出了三种可能的解释性病理生理机制：鼻后滴漏、鼻支气管反射和全身免疫反应。然而，尚不清楚这种关系是一种共病、促发或触发情况，还是作为疾病一个组成部分的附带现象。为了评估这种关联，对过去10年发表的所有提及儿童鼻炎与哮喘关系的文章进行了综述分析，同时报告了有关生理学和表型的最新知识作为背景。尽管这两种疾病具有共同的病因、流行病学和免疫学，但上、下气道系统在内部器官细胞学、免疫和遗传方面存在重要差异。过敏似乎是鼻炎和哮喘关联的主要致病因素；然而，年龄与环境的相互作用加强了这样一种观察结果，即疾病在学龄前儿童中并存，而在大龄儿童中，它们代表一种联合综合征的表现。
