Molling Johan W, Seezink Jacques W, Teunissen Birgit Ej, Muijrers-Chen Inhua, Borm Paul Ja
Zuyd University of Applied Sciences, Heerlen, the Netherlands.
Nanotechnol Sci Appl. 2014 Nov 7;7:97-104. doi: 10.2147/NSA.S70782. eCollection 2014.
Bacterial resistance against the classic antibiotics is posing an increasing challenge for the prevention and treatment of infections in health care environments. The introduction of antimicrobial nanocoatings with active ingredients provides alternative measures for active killing of microorganisms, through a preventive hygiene approach.
The purpose of this study was to investigate the antimicrobial activity of a panel of antimicrobial coatings available on the European market.
A comparative, biased selection of commercially available antimicrobial coatings was tested for antimicrobial efficiency. Suppliers were contacted to deliver their coatings on glass and/or stainless steel substrates. In total, 23 coatings from eleven suppliers were received, which were investigated for their effect on the growth of Escherichia coli, using the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) 22196 protocol.
The majority of nanomaterial-containing coatings (n=13) contained nanosilver (n=12), while only one had photocatalytic TiO2 as the active particle. The differences in antimicrobial activity among all of the coatings, expressed as log reduction values, varied between 1.3 and 6.6, while the variation within the nanomaterial-based group was between 2.0 and 6.2. Although nanosilver coatings were on average very effective in reducing the number of viable bacteria after challenge, the strongest log reduction (6.6) was seen with a coating that has immobilized, covalently bound quaternary ammonium salt in its matrix. Besides these two compounds, coatings containing TiO2, poly(dimethylsiloxane), triclosan, or zinc pyrithione evoked 100% killing of E. coli.
Our findings indicate that nanosilver dominates the nanoparticle-based coatings and performs adequately. However, considering the unknowns in relation to ecotoxicological emission and effects, it needs further consideration before widespread application into different environments.
细菌对经典抗生素的耐药性给医疗保健环境中感染的预防和治疗带来了越来越大的挑战。引入含有活性成分的抗菌纳米涂层，通过预防性卫生方法，为主动杀灭微生物提供了替代措施。
本研究的目的是调查欧洲市场上一系列抗菌涂层的抗菌活性。
对市售抗菌涂层进行了有偏向性的比较选择，以测试其抗菌效率。联系供应商提供其在玻璃和/或不锈钢基材上的涂层。总共收到了来自11家供应商的23种涂层，使用国际标准化组织（ISO）22196协议研究了它们对大肠杆菌生长的影响。
大多数含纳米材料的涂层（n = 13）含有纳米银（n = 12），而只有一种以光催化TiO2作为活性颗粒。所有涂层之间的抗菌活性差异，以对数减少值表示，在1.3至6.6之间变化，而基于纳米材料的组内差异在2.0至6.2之间。尽管纳米银涂层在受到挑战后平均能非常有效地减少活菌数量，但在其基质中固定有共价结合季铵盐的涂层的对数减少最强（6.6）。除了这两种化合物外，含有TiO2、聚二甲基硅氧烷、三氯生或吡啶硫酮锌的涂层能使大肠杆菌100%死亡。
我们的研究结果表明，纳米银在基于纳米颗粒的涂层中占主导地位且表现良好。然而，考虑到与生态毒理学排放和影响相关的未知因素，在广泛应用于不同环境之前需要进一步考虑。
