Sargento Paulo, Perea Victoria, Ladera Valentina, Lopes Paulo, Oliveira Jorge
Escola de Psicologia e Ciências da Vida, Universidade Lusófona de Humanidades e Tecnologias and COPELABS, Campo Grande, 376, 1749-024, Lisboa, Portugal,
Sleep Breath. 2015 May;19(2):693-701. doi: 10.1007/s11325-014-1078-6. Epub 2014 Nov 20.
The Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS) is a largely wide used scale for sleepiness assessment. Measurement properties are studied in a sample of Portuguese adults, using different statistical procedures.
The sample consisted of 222 Portuguese adults (97 men and 125 women) with a mean age of 42 years old (SD = 12.5), 46 of which had obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) confirmed by polysomnography. The participants were assessed with the ESS, which was tested through a quantitative analysis based on the classical measurement theory (CMT) or the Rasch model (RM) conventions.
A principal component factor analysis was performed according to the CMT, revealing a single factor explaining 39.92% of the total variance of the scale. Internal consistency measured by Cronbach's α coefficient was of .77. The mean of inter-item correlation was of .31 (.05 < r > .47), whereas the item-total correlations were considered good (.46 < r > .73). The ESS total score for OSA patients was significantly higher than healthy participants (p < .05). Overall data from the RM analysis was consistent with the guidelines of Linacre and essential unidimensionality was empirically corroborated (61% the percentage of variance explained by the Rasch analysis). Model fit is adequate and the reliability coefficients for both items (.99) and subjects (.78) were considered good. The Cronbach's α coefficient was also satisfactory (.78).
The ESS showed an adequate structural, internal, and criterion validity, both in the CMT and the RM, suggesting this as a useful and effective measure for assessing sleepiness in Portuguese adults.
爱泼沃斯思睡量表（ESS）是一种广泛用于评估嗜睡程度的量表。本研究采用不同的统计方法，对一组葡萄牙成年人样本的测量特性进行了研究。
样本包括222名葡萄牙成年人（97名男性和125名女性），平均年龄42岁（标准差=12.5），其中46人经多导睡眠图证实患有阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停（OSA）。参与者接受了ESS评估，并根据经典测量理论（CMT）或拉施模型（RM）的惯例进行了定量分析。
根据CMT进行了主成分因子分析，结果显示一个单一因子解释了量表总方差的39.92%。用克朗巴赫α系数测得的内部一致性为0.77。项间相关均值为0.31（0.05＜r＞0.47），而项-总分相关被认为良好（0.46＜r＞0.73）。OSA患者的ESS总分显著高于健康参与者（p＜0.05）。RM分析的总体数据与林纳克的指导方针一致，并且从经验上证实了基本单维性（拉施分析解释的方差百分比为61%）。模型拟合良好，项目（0.99）和受试者（0.78）的可靠性系数均被认为良好。克朗巴赫α系数也令人满意（0.78）。
ESS在CMT和RM中均显示出足够的结构效度、内部效度和效标效度，表明其是评估葡萄牙成年人嗜睡程度的一种有用且有效的方法。
