Kehl Karen A
University of Wisconsin-Madison, School of Nursing, 600 Highland Avenue, CSC K6/354, Madison, WI 53792-2455, 608-265-2190.
J Hosp Palliat Nurs. 2014 Dec 1;16(8):503-513. doi: 10.1097/NJH.0000000000000108.
While nurses usually prepare family for the patients' final days, little is known about how this is done. The purpose of this study was to describe nurses' beliefs and practices concerning family preparation for dying, focusing on strategies, tailoring, timing and content of preparation. Nurses' preparatory practices were compared by patient population (hospice or palliative care) and the nurses' certification status. A descriptive, comparative survey was conducted. All RN members of the Hospice and Palliative Nurses Association and who met the inclusion criteria (N=2706) were invited and 1434 (53.1%) participated. Nurses believe families can be prepared, and identified trust and repetition as important strategies. There are significant differences based on population regarding nurses' beliefs about preparation, strategies, tailoring, timing and content. Tailoring differed based on certification status. This information can be compared to what is known about family preparatory needs to develop preparatory interventions that are tailored to patient and family characteristics. Revisiting the similarities and differences in the practice of nurses in hospice and palliative care is important as the specialty continues to mature to assure that adequate education and proper criteria for certification are being provided for all hospice and palliative care nurses.
虽然护士通常会让患者家属为患者的最后时光做好准备，但对于具体如何做到这一点却知之甚少。本研究的目的是描述护士在帮助家属为患者临终做准备方面的信念和做法，重点关注准备的策略、针对性、时机和内容。根据患者群体（临终关怀或姑息治疗）以及护士的认证状态对护士的准备工作实践进行比较。开展了一项描述性比较调查。邀请了临终关怀与姑息治疗护士协会中所有符合纳入标准的注册护士成员（N = 2706），1434人（53.1%）参与了调查。护士们认为可以让家属做好准备，并将信任和重复视为重要策略。在护士对于准备工作的信念、策略、针对性、时机和内容方面，基于患者群体存在显著差异。针对性因认证状态而异。可以将这些信息与已知的家属准备需求进行比较，以制定针对患者和家属特征的准备干预措施。随着临终关怀和姑息治疗这一专业不断成熟，重新审视临终关怀和姑息治疗中护士实践的异同很重要，以确保为所有临终关怀和姑息治疗护士提供充分的教育和适当的认证标准。
