Lehnert Michal, Xaverová Zuzana, De Ste Croix Mark
Faculty of Physical Culture, Palacký University in Olomouc, Czech Republic.
School of Sport and Exercise, University of Gloucestershire, Gloucester, United Kingdom.
J Hum Kinet. 2014 Oct 10;42:175-85. doi: 10.2478/hukin-2014-0072. eCollection 2014 Sep 29.
The aim of the study was to investigate the seasonal variation in isokinetic strength of the knee flexors and extensors, and conventional (H/QCONV) and functional (H/QFUNC) hamstring to quadriceps strength ratios in highly trained adolescent soccer players. The players (n=11; age 17.8±0.3) were measured at the end of the competitive season (autumn), at the beginning and the end of pre-season (winter) and during the sixth week of a new competitive season. Isokinetic peak torque (concentric and eccentric) was measured at 60°·s-1 in a sitting position with the hip flexed at 100°. The testing range of motion was set from 10 - 90° of knee flexion. The players performed a set of five maximum repetitions for both the dominant and non-dominant leg. Statistically significant differences (p<0.001) between the four seasonal measurements were noted for peak torque of the dominant leg knee flexors in concentric muscle action only. A post hoc analysis revealed a statistically significant increase in peak torque from the 1st to the 4th measurement (p<0.001; d=0.692) and from the 2nd to the 4th (p<0.01; d=0.564). The differences in the changes of peak torque of the knee flexors and extensors depending on type of muscle action and tendencies found in the H/Q ratios throughout the annual training cycle indicate that strength assessment of the knee flexors and extensors and their balance throughout the annual training cycle could be beneficial for elite male adolescent soccer players both in terms of performance and risk of injury.
本研究的目的是调查训练有素的青少年足球运动员膝关节屈伸肌等速肌力的季节性变化，以及传统（H/QCONV）和功能性（H/QFUNC）的腘绳肌与股四头肌肌力比。在赛季结束时（秋季）、季前赛开始和结束时（冬季）以及新赛季的第六周，对11名运动员（年龄17.8±0.3岁）进行测量。在髋关节屈曲100°的坐姿下，以60°·s-1的速度测量等速峰值扭矩（向心和离心）。测试的运动范围设定为膝关节屈曲10 - 90°。运动员对优势腿和非优势腿均进行一组五次最大重复动作。仅在向心肌肉动作中，优势腿膝关节屈肌的峰值扭矩在四次季节性测量之间存在统计学显著差异（p<0.001）。事后分析显示，从第一次测量到第四次测量，峰值扭矩有统计学显著增加（p<0.001；d=0.692），从第二次测量到第四次测量也有显著增加（p<0.01；d=0.564）。在全年训练周期中，膝关节屈伸肌峰值扭矩变化因肌肉动作类型而异，以及在H/Q比值中发现的趋势表明，在全年训练周期中对膝关节屈伸肌及其平衡进行力量评估，对于精英男性青少年足球运动员的表现和受伤风险而言可能是有益的。
