人类狂犬病：对刚果民主共和国金沙萨21名儿童的描述性观察
Human rabies: a descriptive observation of 21 children in Kinshasa, the Democratic Republic of Congo.
作者信息
Muyila Delphin I, Aloni Michel N, Lose-Ekanga Marie Josée, Nzita Jules M, Kalala-Mbikay Alexandre, Bongo Henri L, Esako Mathilde N, Malonga-Biapi Jean Pierre, Mputu-Dibwe BenoÎt, Aloni Muriel L, Ekila Mathilde B
出版信息
Pathog Glob Health. 2014 Oct;108(7):317-22. doi: 10.1179/2047773214Y.0000000161.
OBJECTIVES
Human rabies has recently emerged as a significant public health threat in Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC). However, there is little epidemiological information on human rabies especially in children.
METHODS
We performed at Pediatrics Department of General Reference hospital of Kinshasa between December 2008 and July 2009, a retrospective study to assess the incidence and to describe their clinical aspects and outcome.
RESULTS
A total of 21 cases were observed, rather three cases per month. There were 12 boys (57·1%) and 9 girls (42·9%). Biting animal was found to be dog in all cases (100%). The dog was not immunized in all of cases. On admission, all patients (100%) showed furious rabies manifestations. Only two (9·5%) had their wounds treated and received an anti-rabies vaccine (ARV) after the bite incident. Two (9·5%) patients received rabies immunoglobulin (RIG). The case-fatality rate was 100%.
CONCLUSIONS
The disease emerges as a new major public health problem because of a lack of knowledge regarding rabies risk, the poor management of dog bites. Preventative vaccination for rabies should be recommended in the population of Kinshasa, area at high risk to contract rabies, particularly in children.
目的
在刚果民主共和国（DRC）金沙萨，人类狂犬病最近已成为一个重大的公共卫生威胁。然而，关于人类狂犬病，尤其是儿童狂犬病的流行病学信息很少。
方法
2008年12月至2009年7月期间，我们在金沙萨综合参考医院儿科进行了一项回顾性研究，以评估发病率并描述其临床特征和转归。
结果
共观察到21例病例，每月约3例。其中男孩12例（57.1%），女孩9例（42.9%）。所有病例（100%）的致伤动物均为狗。所有病例中的狗均未接种疫苗。入院时，所有患者（100%）均表现出狂躁型狂犬病症状。只有2例（9.5%）在被咬伤后对伤口进行了处理并接种了抗狂犬病疫苗（ARV）。2例（9.5%）患者接受了狂犬病免疫球蛋白（RIG）治疗。病死率为100%。
结论
由于对狂犬病风险缺乏认识、犬咬伤处理不当，该病已成为一个新的重大公共卫生问题。应建议在狂犬病高风险地区金沙萨的人群中，尤其是儿童中进行狂犬病预防性疫苗接种。
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