Kazadi Eric Kawaya, Tshilenge Georges Mbuyi, Mbao Victor, Njoumemi Zakariaou, Masumu Justin
Veterinary Faculty, University of Kinshasa, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of Congo.
Veterinary Laboratory of Kinshasa, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of Congo.
PLoS One. 2017 Oct 23;12(10):e0186677. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0186677. eCollection 2017.
Rabies is a preventable fatal disease that causes about 61,000 human deaths annually around the world, mostly in developing countries. In Africa, several studies have shown that vaccination of pets is effective in controlling the disease. An annual vaccination coverage of 70% is recommended by the World Health Organization as a control threshold. The effective control of rabies requires vaccination coverage of owned dogs. Identification of the factors determining dog owners' choice to vaccinate is necessary for evidence-based policy-making. However, for the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC), the limited data on rabies vaccination coverage makes it difficult for its control and formulation of appropriate policies. A cross-sectional study was conducted in Kinshasa (Lemba commune) with dog-owning households and owned dogs as study populations. The association between dog vaccination and independent factors (household socio-demographics characteristics, dog characteristics, knowledge of rabies and location of veterinary offices/clinics) was performed with Epi-info 7. The Odds Ratio (OR) and p-value < 0.05 were used to determine levels of significance. A total of 166 households owning dogs and 218 owned dogs were investigated. 47% of the dogs had been vaccinated within one year preceding the survey which is higher than the critical coverage (25 to 40%) necessary to interrupt rabies transmission but below the 70% threshold recommended by WHO for control. The determinants of vaccination included socio-economic level of the household (OR = 2.9, p<0.05), formal education level of the dog owner (OR = 4, p<0.05), type of residence (OR = 4.6, p<0.05), knowledge of rabies disease (OR = 8.0, p<0.05), knowledge of location of veterinary offices/clinics (OR = 3.4, p<0.05), dog gender (OR = 1.6, p<0.05) and dog breed (OR = 2.1, p<0.05). This study shows that the vaccination coverage in this area can easily reach the WHO threshold if supplemented by mass vaccination campaigns.
狂犬病是一种可预防的致命疾病，全球每年约有6.1万人死于该病，其中大部分发生在发展中国家。在非洲，多项研究表明，给宠物接种疫苗对控制该病有效。世界卫生组织建议将70%的年疫苗接种覆盖率作为控制阈值。有效控制狂犬病需要对家养犬进行疫苗接种。确定决定犬主选择接种疫苗的因素对于循证决策是必要的。然而，对于刚果民主共和国（DRC）来说，狂犬病疫苗接种覆盖率的数据有限，这使得该国难以控制狂犬病并制定适当政策。在金沙萨（伦巴社区）对养狗家庭和家养犬进行了一项横断面研究，以其作为研究对象。使用Epi-info 7分析犬类疫苗接种与独立因素（家庭社会人口统计学特征、犬类特征、狂犬病知识以及兽医办公室/诊所的位置）之间的关联。比值比（OR）和p值<0.05用于确定显著性水平。总共调查了166个养狗家庭和218只家养犬。在调查前一年内，47%的犬接种过疫苗，这一比例高于阻断狂犬病传播所需的临界覆盖率（25%至40%），但低于世界卫生组织建议的70%的控制阈值。疫苗接种的决定因素包括家庭社会经济水平（OR = 2.9，p<0.05）、犬主的正规教育水平（OR = 4，p<0.05）、居住类型（OR = 4.6，p<0.05）、狂犬病知识（OR = 8.0，p<0.05）、兽医办公室/诊所位置的知识（OR = 3.4，p<0.05）、犬的性别（OR = 1.6，p<0.05）和犬的品种（OR = 2.1，p<0.05）。这项研究表明，如果通过大规模疫苗接种运动加以补充，该地区的疫苗接种覆盖率可以轻松达到世界卫生组织的阈值。
