直觉与信息提供者的专业知识在儿童认知信任中的作用。
The Roles of Intuition and Informants' Expertise in Children's Epistemic Trust.
作者信息
Lane Jonathan D, Harris Paul L
机构信息
Harvard University.
出版信息
Child Dev. 2015 May-Jun;86(3):919-26. doi: 10.1111/cdev.12324. Epub 2014 Nov 26.
Abstract
This study examined how children's intuitions and informants' expertise influence children's trust in informants' claims. Three- to 8-year-olds (N = 192) watched videos in which experts (animal/biology experts or artifact/physics experts) made either intuitively plausible or counterintuitive claims about obscure animals or artifacts. Claims fell either within or beyond experts' domains of expertise. Children of all ages were more trusting of claims made by informants with relevant, as opposed to irrelevant, expertise. Children also showed greater acceptance of intuitive rather than counterintuitive claims, a differentiation that increased with age as they developed firmer intuitions about what can ordinarily happen. In summary, children's trust in testimony depends on whether informants have the relevant expertise as well as on children's own developing intuitions.
摘要
本研究考察了儿童的直觉和信息提供者的专业知识如何影响儿童对信息提供者主张的信任。3至8岁的儿童（N = 192）观看视频，视频中专家（动物/生物学专家或人工制品/物理学专家）对晦涩难懂的动物或人工制品提出直观上合理或违反直觉的主张。这些主张有的属于专家的专业领域，有的不属于。所有年龄段的儿童都更信任具有相关专业知识（而非不相关专业知识）的信息提供者所提出的主张。儿童也更倾向于接受直观的主张而非违反直觉的主张，随着年龄增长，他们对通常会发生的事情形成了更坚定的直觉，这种差异也随之增加。总之，儿童对证词的信任取决于信息提供者是否具备相关专业知识以及儿童自身不断发展的直觉。
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