Arora Amit, Schwarz Eli, Blinkhorn Anthony Stevenson
Department of Population Oral Health, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia Department of Community Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA.
J Investig Clin Dent. 2011 Nov;2(4):223-8. doi: 10.1111/j.2041-1626.2011.00070.x. Epub 2011 Jun 29.
Early childhood caries is a significant international public health problem. The aim of this paper was to review the current evidence of the risk factors for dental caries in disadvantaged children under 6 years of age. Medline, Cochrane, and PubMed database searches were conducted. Systematic reviews were used where available, or meta-analyses; randomized, controlled trials; and cohort, case-control, and cross-sectional studies (in that order). Studies were restricted to those published in English from 1990 to October 2010. Early childhood caries has a complex etiology with biological, behavioral, and sociodemographic influences. Evidence suggests that young children are most likely to develop caries if Streptococcus mutans is acquired at an early age, although this is influenced by other factors, such as oral hygiene, fluoride, diet, dental visit patterns, socioeconomic status, ethnicity, and health literacy. Etiological pathways should be taken into consideration when designing interventions to prevent dental caries in disadvantaged preschool children.
幼儿龋齿是一个重大的国际公共卫生问题。本文旨在综述6岁以下弱势儿童龋齿危险因素的现有证据。我们进行了Medline、Cochrane和PubMed数据库检索。优先使用系统评价，或进行荟萃分析；随机对照试验；队列研究、病例对照研究和横断面研究（按此顺序）。纳入研究限于1990年至2010年10月期间发表的英文文献。幼儿龋齿的病因复杂，受生物、行为和社会人口学因素影响。有证据表明，如果幼儿在幼年时感染变形链球菌，那么他们患龋齿的可能性最大，不过这也受其他因素影响，如口腔卫生、氟化物、饮食、看牙模式、社会经济地位、种族和健康素养。在设计预防弱势学龄前儿童龋齿的干预措施时，应考虑病因途径。
