Deng X, Su Y, Wu H, Wu R, Zhang P, Dai Y, Chan T-M, Zhao M, Lu Q
Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, Department of Dermatology, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.
Scand J Immunol. 2015 Mar;81(3):153-65. doi: 10.1111/sji.12261.
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNA molecules that negatively modulate gene expression by binding to the 3' untranslated region (UTR) of target messenger RNAs (mRNAs), which leads to the degradation or translational repression of their target mRNAs. Previous research on miRNAs has revealed a new paradigm of gene regulations and pathways involved in the pathogenesis of autoimmune disorders and malignant diseases. The roles of miRNAs in cellular processes, including cell differentiation, proliferation, apoptosis and immune functions, are not clearly understood. MiRNAs are easily detected in a variety of sources, including tissues, serum and other body fluids, and this make them a good biological sample for pathogenic studies and disease biomarker development. This review encompasses the current understanding of the roles of miRNAs in autoimmunity and the cellular and molecular mechanisms of miRNAs in various autoimmune diseases (AIMDs). Specifically, we focus on the target genes of miRNAs and the biological processes associated with autoimmune diseases with skin involvement, including systemic lupus erythematosus, psoriasis, systemic sclerosis, Behcet's disease and dermatomyositis. In addition, the diagnostic and therapeutic relevance of miRNAs that are involved in autoimmunity are elucidated to provide information for clinical implications.
微小RNA（miRNA）是一类小的非编码RNA分子，通过与靶信使RNA（mRNA）的3'非翻译区（UTR）结合来负向调节基因表达，这会导致其靶mRNA的降解或翻译抑制。先前对miRNA的研究揭示了基因调控的新范式以及参与自身免疫性疾病和恶性疾病发病机制的途径。miRNA在细胞过程中的作用，包括细胞分化、增殖、凋亡和免疫功能，目前尚不清楚。miRNA在包括组织、血清和其他体液在内的多种来源中都很容易检测到，这使其成为致病性研究和疾病生物标志物开发的良好生物样本。本综述涵盖了目前对miRNA在自身免疫中的作用以及miRNA在各种自身免疫性疾病（AIMD）中的细胞和分子机制的理解。具体而言，我们关注miRNA的靶基因以及与累及皮肤的自身免疫性疾病相关的生物学过程，包括系统性红斑狼疮、银屑病、系统性硬化症、白塞病和皮肌炎。此外，还阐明了参与自身免疫的miRNA的诊断和治疗相关性，以为临床应用提供信息。
