Koopman Jessica E, Röling Wilfred F M, Buijs Mark J, Sissons Christopher H, ten Cate Jacob M, Keijser Bart J F, Crielaard Wim, Zaura Egija
Department of Preventive Dentistry, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam, University of Amsterdam, Gustav Mahlerlaan 3004, 1081 LA, Amsterdam, The Netherlands,
Microb Ecol. 2015 Feb;69(2):422-33. doi: 10.1007/s00248-014-0535-x. Epub 2014 Nov 30.
Dysbiosis induced by low pH in the oral ecosystem can lead to caries, a prevalent bacterial disease in humans. The amino acid arginine is one of the pH-elevating agents in the oral cavity. To obtain insights into the effect of arginine on oral microbial ecology, a multi-plaque "artificial mouth" (MAM) biofilm model was inoculated with saliva from a healthy volunteer and microcosms were grown for 4 weeks with 1.6 % (w/v) arginine supplement (Arginine) or without (Control), samples were taken at several time-points. A cariogenic environment was mimicked by sucrose pulsing. The bacterial composition was determined by 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing, the presence and amount of Candida and arginine deiminase system genes arcA and sagP by qPCR. Additionally, ammonium and short-chain fatty acid concentrations were determined. The Arginine microcosms were dominated by Streptococcus, Veillonella, and Neisseria and remained stable in time, while the composition of the Control microcosms diverged significantly in time, partially due to the presence of Megasphaera. The percentage of Candida increased 100-fold in the Control microcosms compared to the Arginine microcosms. The pH-raising effect of arginine was confirmed by the pH and ammonium results. The abundances of sagP and arcA were highest in the Arginine microcosms, while the concentration of butyrate was higher in the Control microcosms. We demonstrate that supplementation with arginine serves a health-promoting function; it enhances microcosm resilience toward acidification and suppresses outgrowth of the opportunistic pathogen Candida. Arginine facilitates stability of oral microbial communities and prevents them from becoming cariogenic.
口腔生态系统中低pH值引发的微生物群落失调可导致龋齿，这是一种在人类中普遍存在的细菌性疾病。氨基酸精氨酸是口腔中提高pH值的物质之一。为深入了解精氨酸对口腔微生物生态的影响，将来自一名健康志愿者的唾液接种到多菌斑“人工口腔”（MAM）生物膜模型中，并将微生物群落分别在添加1.6%（w/v）精氨酸（精氨酸组）或不添加（对照组）的条件下培养4周，在多个时间点采集样本。通过添加蔗糖模拟致龋环境。利用16S rRNA基因扩增子测序确定细菌组成，通过qPCR检测白色念珠菌以及精氨酸脱亚胺酶系统基因arcA和sagP的存在及数量。此外，还测定了铵和短链脂肪酸的浓度。精氨酸组微生物群落以链球菌、韦荣球菌和奈瑟菌为主，且随时间保持稳定，而对照组微生物群落的组成随时间发生显著变化，部分原因是存在巨球型菌属。与精氨酸组相比，白色念珠菌在对照组微生物群落中的比例增加了100倍。精氨酸对pH值的升高作用通过pH值和铵的检测结果得到证实。精氨酸组中sagP和arcA的丰度最高，而对照组中丁酸的浓度更高。我们证明补充精氨酸具有促进健康的功能；它增强了微生物群落对酸化的恢复能力，并抑制了机会性致病菌白色念珠菌的生长。精氨酸有助于口腔微生物群落的稳定，防止其转变为致龋性群落。
