Dr von Hauner Children's Hospital, Ludwig Maximilian University, Munich, Germany; Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel, Switzerland; University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.
Dr von Hauner Children's Hospital, Ludwig Maximilian University, Munich, Germany.
J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2015 Jan;135(1):56-62. doi: 10.1016/j.jaci.2014.08.044. Epub 2014 Oct 19.
Breast-feeding is protective against respiratory infections in early life. Given the co-evolutionary adaptations of humans and cattle, bovine milk might exert similar anti-infective effects in human infants.
To study effects of consumption of raw and processed cow's milk on common infections in infants.
The PASTURE birth cohort followed 983 infants from rural areas in Austria, Finland, France, Germany, and Switzerland, for the first year of life, covering 37,306 person-weeks. Consumption of different types of cow's milk and occurrence of rhinitis, respiratory tract infections, otitis, and fever were assessed by weekly health diaries. C-reactive protein levels were assessed using blood samples taken at 12 months.
When contrasted with ultra-heat treated milk, raw milk consumption was inversely associated with occurrence of rhinitis (adjusted odds ratio from longitudinal models [95% CI]: 0.71 [0.54-0.94]), respiratory tract infections (0.77 [0.59-0.99]), otitis (0.14 [0.05-0.42]), and fever (0.69 [0.47-1.01]). Boiled farm milk showed similar but weaker associations. Industrially processed pasteurized milk was inversely associated with fever. Raw farm milk consumption was inversely associated with C-reactive protein levels at 12 months (geometric means ratio [95% CI]: 0.66 [0.45-0.98]).
Early life consumption of raw cow's milk reduced the risk of manifest respiratory infections and fever by about 30%. If the health hazards of raw milk could be overcome, the public health impact of minimally processed but pathogen-free milk might be enormous, given the high prevalence of respiratory infections in the first year of life and the associated direct and indirect costs.
母乳喂养可预防婴儿早期的呼吸道感染。鉴于人类和牛在进化上的适应关系，牛的乳汁可能对人类婴儿具有类似的抗感染作用。
研究饮用生牛乳和加工牛乳对婴儿常见感染的影响。
PASTURE 出生队列对奥地利、芬兰、法国、德国和瑞士农村地区的 983 名婴儿进行了为期 1 年的随访，共覆盖 37306 人周。通过每周健康日记评估不同类型牛乳的消费情况以及鼻炎、呼吸道感染、中耳炎和发热的发生情况。在 12 个月时采集血样，评估 C 反应蛋白水平。
与超高温处理的牛奶相比，生牛乳的摄入与鼻炎（纵向模型调整比值比[95%CI]：0.71[0.54-0.94]）、呼吸道感染（0.77[0.59-0.99]）、中耳炎（0.14[0.05-0.42]）和发热（0.69[0.47-1.01]）的发生呈负相关。煮沸的农家奶显示出相似但较弱的相关性。经工业加工的巴氏杀菌奶与发热呈负相关。生牛乳的摄入与 12 个月时的 C 反应蛋白水平呈负相关（几何均数比[95%CI]：0.66[0.45-0.98]）。
生牛乳的早期摄入可使明显的呼吸道感染和发热的风险降低约 30%。如果能克服生牛乳的健康危害，那么经过最低限度加工但无病原体的牛奶可能会产生巨大的公共卫生影响，因为在生命的第一年呼吸道感染的发病率很高，且相关的直接和间接成本也很高。
