Department of Anesthesiology, School of Medicine, University of Utah, 30 North 1900 East 3C444, Salt Lake City, UT 84132.
J Pain. 2014 Dec;15(12):1215-26. doi: 10.1016/j.jpain.2014.08.010.
Fentanyl, introduced more than 50 years ago, has become the most often used opioid for intraoperative analgesia. Since the early 1990s the fentanyl patch has been available for management of chronic pain of all forms of cancer as well as the persistent, intense pain from many noncancerous maladies. More than a half dozen rapid-onset transmucosal fentanyl preparations have been developed, approved, launched, and popularized for "breakthrough" pain syndromes in the past 20 years. The purpose of this article is to describe why this opioid has become so important in the treatment of pain in modern clinical practice. The data indicate that fentanyl's popularity has occurred because it has minimal cardiovascular effects, does not result in increases in plasma histamine, is relatively short in onset of action and duration of effect, is easy and inexpensive to synthesize and prepare for the marketplace, and is now familiar to clinicians working in pain and perioperative medicine throughout the world.
芬太尼，于 50 多年前问世，已成为最常被用于术中镇痛的阿片类药物。自 20 世纪 90 年代初以来，芬太尼贴剂已可用于治疗所有形式癌症的慢性疼痛，以及许多非癌症疾病的持续剧烈疼痛。在过去 20 年中，已开发、批准、推出并推广了六种以上快速起效的经粘膜芬太尼制剂，用于“爆发性”疼痛综合征。本文旨在描述为何这种阿片类药物在现代临床实践中对疼痛的治疗变得如此重要。数据表明，芬太尼之所以如此受欢迎，是因为它对心血管的影响极小，不会导致血浆组胺增加，起效迅速，作用持续时间短，易于合成和制备，并且现在在全世界从事疼痛和围手术期医学的临床医生中已经很熟悉。
