Neurosci Biobehav Rev. 2014 Nov;47:533-48. doi: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2014.10.005.
In patients with a first seizure, the identification of early sensitive and specific biomarkers for formulating a diagnosis of epilepsy is fundamental. Sleep deprivation (SD) has long been used as a means of enhancing EEG sensitivity in the diagnostic process. However, huge methodological differences among the studies addressing this topic have led to highly variable results and often confusing assumptions. Here, we provide a detailed description of the correlations between SD and epilepsy, along with their putative mechanistic explanations derived from experimental studies in animals and humans. We also outline the clinical studies evaluating the role of SD EEG and discuss them critically in terms of: (a) study design and SD EEG methodology; (b) EEG sensitivity and specificity; (c) the role of drug-induced sleep EEG and EEG during spontaneously occurring sleep; and (d) the relevance of patient features, syndromes, and subsyndromes, as well as their correlations with neuroimaging details. Finally, we propose specific studies that might increase the role of SD EEG in the diagnosis and prognosis of epilepsy.
在首次发作的患者中，确定早期敏感和特异的生物标志物来制定癫痫诊断是至关重要的。剥夺睡眠（SD）长期以来一直被用作提高诊断过程中脑电图敏感性的手段。然而，针对这一主题的研究之间存在巨大的方法学差异，导致结果高度可变，且常常令人困惑。在这里，我们详细描述了 SD 与癫痫之间的相关性，以及从动物和人类的实验研究中得出的推测性机制解释。我们还概述了评估 SD-EEG 作用的临床研究，并从以下几个方面对其进行了批判性讨论：（a）研究设计和 SD-EEG 方法学；（b）脑电图的敏感性和特异性；（c）药物诱导睡眠 EEG 和自发性睡眠期间 EEG 的作用；以及（d）患者特征、综合征和亚综合征的相关性，以及它们与神经影像学细节的相关性。最后，我们提出了一些可能增加 SD-EEG 在癫痫诊断和预后中的作用的具体研究。
