Tian Ting, Chen Hua, Zhao Ying-Yong
Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, The College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, No. 229 Taibai North Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710069, PR China.
Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, The College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, No. 229 Taibai North Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710069, PR China.
J Ethnopharmacol. 2014 Dec 2;158 Pt A:373-87. doi: 10.1016/j.jep.2014.10.061. Epub 2014 Nov 6.
Rhizoma alismatis (simplified as RA, "Zexie" in Chinese, ) is a well-known natural medicine with long history in Chinese medicine. As a traditional medicine in China, RA is an important part of many prescriptions and has been commonly used for treating a wide range of ailments related to dysuria, edema, nephropathy, hyperlipidaemia, diabetes, inflammation as well as tumor in clinical applications. Based on scientific literatures, the present paper aims to provide comprehensive and up-to date information about the traditional uses, phytochemistry, pharmacology, toxicology and quality control of RA as well as critical analysis of the research. The review will provide a new foundation and direction for the further studies of RA.
All available information about RA was supplied by library database and electronic search (ScienceDirect, Web of Science, Pubmed, Google Scholar, etc.). The different types of useful information were collected and arranged in corresponding part of the paper.
Phytochemical studies showed that the main chemical composition of RA was the terpenoid including sesquiterpene, diterpene and triterpene. The crude extracts and isolated compounds from RA showed diverse pharmacological activities including diuretic, nephroprotective, anti-hyperlipidemic, anti-atherosclerotic, anti-cancer, anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative activities. However, high-dose or long-term use of RA can lead to water-electrolyte imbalance, bloody urine, acidosis and even hepatotoxicity or nephrotoxicity, which have been proven by several studies.
Pharmacological researches show RA possessing various bioactivities including diuresis, nephroprotective effect, anti-hyperlipidemia, etc. However, more bioactive components especially diuretic and nephroprotective compounds need to be isolated and identified, and more rigorous researches on action mechanisms are required. More experiments in vitro or in vivo and clinical studies are encouraged to clarify correlation between traditional uses and modern applications, and the toxicity need to be further and precisely explored. In addition, a standardized fingerprint for RA is indispensable and emergent. These achievements will further expand to therapeutic potential and usage of RA and provide a powerful support for clinical use.
泽泻是一种在中医领域历史悠久的著名天然药物。作为中国传统药物，泽泻是众多方剂的重要组成部分，在临床应用中常用于治疗多种与排尿困难、水肿、肾病、高脂血症、糖尿病、炎症以及肿瘤相关的疾病。基于科学文献，本文旨在提供关于泽泻的传统用途、植物化学、药理学、毒理学和质量控制的全面且最新的信息，并对相关研究进行批判性分析。该综述将为泽泻的进一步研究提供新的基础和方向。
所有关于泽泻的可用信息均通过图书馆数据库和电子检索（科学Direct、科学网、PubMed、谷歌学术等）获取。收集不同类型的有用信息并整理到论文的相应部分。
植物化学研究表明，泽泻的主要化学成分是萜类化合物，包括倍半萜、二萜和三萜。泽泻的粗提物和分离出的化合物显示出多种药理活性，包括利尿、肾保护、抗高血脂、抗动脉粥样硬化、抗癌、抗炎和抗氧化活性。然而，多项研究已证实，高剂量或长期使用泽泻会导致水电解质失衡、血尿、酸中毒，甚至肝毒性或肾毒性。
药理学研究表明泽泻具有多种生物活性，包括利尿、肾保护作用、抗高血脂等。然而，需要分离和鉴定更多的生物活性成分，尤其是利尿和肾保护化合物，并且需要对作用机制进行更严谨的研究。鼓励进行更多的体外或体内实验以及临床研究，以阐明传统用途与现代应用之间的相关性，并且需要进一步精确探索其毒性。此外，建立泽泻的标准化指纹图谱是不可或缺且迫在眉睫的。这些成果将进一步拓展泽泻的治疗潜力和用途，并为临床应用提供有力支持。
