Donaghy Ludovic, Hong Hyun-Ki, Jauzein Cécile, Choi Kwang-Sik
Shellfish Research and Aquaculture Laboratory, School of Marine Biomedical Science (BK21 PLUS), Jeju National University, 102 Jejudaehakno, Jeju 690-756, Republic of Korea.
Shellfish Research and Aquaculture Laboratory, School of Marine Biomedical Science (BK21 PLUS), Jeju National University, 102 Jejudaehakno, Jeju 690-756, Republic of Korea.
Fish Shellfish Immunol. 2015 Jan;42(1):91-7. doi: 10.1016/j.fsi.2014.10.030. Epub 2014 Nov 5.
Reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (ROS and RNS) are naturally produced in all cells and organisms. Modifications of standard conditions alter reactive species generation and may result in oxidative stress. Because of the degradation of marine ecosystems, massive aquaculture productions, global change and pathogenic infections, oxidative stress is highly prevalent in marine bivalve molluscs. Haemocytes of bivalve molluscs produce ROS and RNS as part of their basal metabolism as well as in response to endogenous and exogenous stimuli. However, sources and pathways of reactive species production are currently poorly deciphered in marine bivalves, potentially leading to misinterpretations. Although sources and pathways of ROS and RNS productions are highly conserved between vertebrates and invertebrates, some uncommon pathways seem to only exist in marine bivalves. To understand the biology and pathobiology of ROS and RNS in haemocytes of marine bivalves, it is necessary to characterise their sources and pathways of production. The aims of the present review are to discuss the currently known and unknown intracellular sources of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species in marine bivalve molluscs, in light of terrestrial vertebrates, and to expose principal pitfalls usually encountered.
活性氧和氮物种（ROS和RNS）在所有细胞和生物体中自然产生。标准条件的改变会改变活性物种的产生，并可能导致氧化应激。由于海洋生态系统的退化、大规模水产养殖、全球变化和病原体感染，氧化应激在海洋双壳贝类中非常普遍。双壳贝类的血细胞产生ROS和RNS，这是它们基础代谢的一部分，也是对内源和外源刺激的反应。然而，目前海洋双壳贝类中活性物种产生的来源和途径尚不清楚，这可能导致误解。尽管ROS和RNS产生的来源和途径在脊椎动物和无脊椎动物之间高度保守，但一些不常见的途径似乎只存在于海洋双壳贝类中。为了了解海洋双壳贝类血细胞中ROS和RNS的生物学和病理生物学，有必要对它们的产生来源和途径进行表征。本综述的目的是根据陆生脊椎动物，讨论目前已知和未知的海洋双壳贝类中活性氧和氮物种的细胞内来源，并揭示通常遇到的主要陷阱。
