Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Nobels väg 9, 171 65 Solna, Stockholm, Sweden; Stress Research Institute, Stockholm University, Frescati Hagväg 16A, 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden.
Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Nobels väg 9, 171 65 Solna, Stockholm, Sweden.
Brain Behav Immun. 2015 Jul;47:93-9. doi: 10.1016/j.bbi.2014.10.004. Epub 2014 Oct 30.
While acute modifications of sleep duration induces a wide array of immune function alterations, less is known of how longer periods with insufficient sleep affect immune functions and how they return to normal once recovery sleep is obtained. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the effects of five days of restricted sleep and a subsequent 7-day period of sleep recovery on white blood cell (WBC) subpopulation count and diurnal rhythms. Nine healthy males participated in a sleep protocol consisting of two baseline days (8h of sleep/night), five nights with restricted sleep (4h of sleep/night) and seven days of recovery sleep (8h of sleep/night). During nine of these days, blood was drawn hourly during night-time end every third hour during daytime, and differential WBC count was analyzed. Gradual increase across the days of sleep restriction was observed for total WBC (p<.001), monocytes (p<.001), neutrophils (p<.001) and lymphocytes (p<.05). Subsequent recovery sleep resulted in a gradual decrease in monocytes (p<.001) and lymphocytes (p=.001), but not in neutrophils that remained elevated over baseline level at the end of the 7-day recovery period. These effects were associated with altered diurnal rhythms of total WBC and neutrophils, restricted sleep being associated with higher levels during the night and at awakening, resulting in a flattening of the rhythm. The diurnal alterations were reversed when recovery sleep was allowed, although the amplitude of total WBC, neutrophils and monocytes was increased at the end of the recovery period in comparison to baseline. Altogether, these data show that long-term sleep restriction leads to a gradual increase of circulating WBC subpopulations and alterations of the respective diurnal rhythms. Although some of the effects caused by five days of restricted sleep were restored within the first days of recovery, some parameters were not back to baseline even after a period of seven recovery days.
虽然急性改变睡眠时间会引起广泛的免疫功能改变，但对于睡眠时间不足对免疫功能的影响以及恢复睡眠后免疫功能如何恢复正常知之甚少。本研究的目的是调查限制睡眠 5 天和随后 7 天恢复睡眠对白细胞 (WBC) 亚群计数和昼夜节律的影响。9 名健康男性参加了一项睡眠方案，包括 2 天基线（每晚 8 小时睡眠）、5 个晚上限制睡眠（每晚 4 小时睡眠）和 7 天恢复睡眠（每晚 8 小时睡眠）。在这 9 天中的每一天，夜间每小时抽取一次血，白天每 3 小时抽取一次血，并分析白细胞分类计数。在限制睡眠的天数中，总白细胞 (p<.001)、单核细胞 (p<.001)、中性粒细胞 (p<.001) 和淋巴细胞 (p<.05) 逐渐增加。随后的恢复睡眠导致单核细胞 (p<.001) 和淋巴细胞 (p=.001) 逐渐减少，但中性粒细胞没有恢复到基线水平，在 7 天恢复期结束时仍高于基线水平。这些影响与总白细胞和中性粒细胞昼夜节律的改变有关，限制睡眠与夜间和觉醒时较高的水平有关，导致节律变平。当允许恢复睡眠时，昼夜变化得到逆转，尽管在恢复期末，总白细胞、中性粒细胞和单核细胞的振幅与基线相比增加。总的来说，这些数据表明，长期睡眠限制会导致循环白细胞亚群逐渐增加，并改变相应的昼夜节律。尽管限制睡眠 5 天引起的一些影响在恢复的头几天内得到恢复，但即使在 7 天的恢复期后，一些参数仍未恢复到基线。
