童年和青少年时期感知到的歧视在理解种族和社会经济因素对青年期抑郁症影响方面的作用。
The role of perceived discrimination during childhood and adolescence in understanding racial and socioeconomic influences on depression in young adulthood.
作者信息
Cheng Erika R, Cohen Alyssa, Goodman Elizabeth
机构信息
Division of General Academic Pediatrics/Center for Child and Adolescent Health Research and Policy, MassGeneral Hospital for Children, Boston, MA; Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA.
University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY.
出版信息
J Pediatr. 2015 Feb;166(2):370-7.e1. doi: 10.1016/j.jpeds.2014.10.010. Epub 2014 Nov 12.
OBJECTIVE
To describe levels of perceived lifetime discrimination among young adults and determine its role in understanding this racial/ethnic disparity.
STUDY DESIGN
Data were from the Princeton School District study, a 10-year cohort study in which investigators followed 545 non-Hispanic black (46%) and white initial 5-12 graders. Perceived lifetime racial discrimination was assessed with the General Ethnic Discrimination Scale and depressive symptoms with the Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale. Stepped linear and logistic regression analyses assessed the relationships of race/ethnicity, parental education, and quintiles of discrimination to depressive symptoms. Stratification by race/ethnicity explored differences in the role of discrimination in explaining the relationship between parental education and depressive symptoms.
RESULTS
Black students from professionally educated families had the greatest discrimination scores, 1.8 times greater than among their white peers (meanblack = 42.1 vs meanwhite = 22.8; P < .0001). Greater parental education was associated with lower depressive symptoms in all regression models. Race/ethnicity became predictive of depressive symptoms only after adjusting for discrimination, which was strongly associated with depressive symptoms. Stratified analysis suggested discrimination accounted for the relationship of parental education to depressive symptoms among whites. Among black subjects, accounting for discrimination unmasked a buffering effect of parental education.
CONCLUSIONS
Greater levels of parent education are protective against depression for white youth. However, for black youth, greater parent education confers both risk and protective effects. The high discrimination among black youth from families with college or professionally educated parents overwhelms the protective effect of greater levels of parent education.
目的
描述年轻成年人中感知到的终身歧视水平，并确定其在理解这种种族/族裔差异方面的作用。
研究设计
数据来自普林斯顿学区研究，这是一项为期10年的队列研究，研究人员跟踪了545名非西班牙裔黑人（46%）和白人初、高中学生。使用一般种族歧视量表评估感知到的终身种族歧视，使用流行病学研究中心抑郁量表评估抑郁症状。逐步线性回归和逻辑回归分析评估种族/族裔、父母教育程度和歧视五分位数与抑郁症状之间的关系。按种族/族裔分层探讨了歧视在解释父母教育程度与抑郁症状之间关系中所起作用的差异。
结果
来自受过专业教育家庭的黑人学生歧视得分最高，比白人同龄人高1.8倍（黑人平均得分=42.1，白人平均得分=22.8；P<0.0001）。在所有回归模型中，父母教育程度越高，抑郁症状越低。仅在调整歧视因素后，种族/族裔才成为抑郁症状的预测因素，而歧视与抑郁症状密切相关。分层分析表明，歧视解释了白人中父母教育程度与抑郁症状之间的关系。在黑人受试者中，考虑歧视因素后发现了父母教育程度的缓冲作用。
结论
较高的父母教育水平对白人青少年的抑郁症有预防作用。然而，对于黑人青少年来说，较高的父母教育水平既有风险也有保护作用。来自父母具有大学学历或受过专业教育家庭的黑人青少年中存在的高歧视，超过了较高父母教育水平的保护作用。
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