Williams Chelsea Derlan, Bravo Diamond Y, Santana Arlenis, Paige Roderick, Wise Cynara, Leslie Carine E, Sullivan Terri N
Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA.
University of California, Riverside, Riverside, California, USA.
J Res Adolesc. 2025 Mar;35(1):e13056. doi: 10.1111/jora.13056.
The current study examined whether adverse childhood experiences and racial discrimination predicted adolescents' internal developmental assets, external developmental assets, and depressive symptoms. We also tested whether these relations were buffered by aspects of caregivers' reports of ethnic-racial socialization efforts (i.e., cultural socialization and preparation for bias). Participants were Black adolescents 12 to 17 years of age (Mage = 15.09, SD = 1.36) and their caregivers. Findings indicated that adolescents' racial discrimination experiences and adverse childhood experiences were associated with less internal assets, less external assets, and greater depressive symptoms. Preparation for bias was a protective moderator in two associations, such that at low levels of preparation for bias, racial discrimination predicted less external assets, but this relation became non-significant at high levels of preparation for bias. Similarly, at low levels of preparation for bias, adverse childhood experiences predicted greater depressive symptoms, but this relation became non-significant at high levels of preparation for bias. Caregivers' cultural socialization was also protective in that at low levels of cultural socialization, adverse childhood experiences predicted less internal developmental assets, but this relation became non-significant at high levels of cultural socialization. Adverse childhood experiences and racial discrimination contribute to poorer outcomes, but caregivers' efforts to teach their children about their race, ethnicity, and culture are protective in some of these associations. Findings highlight that it is important to focus on both risk factors and protective family cultural processes to promote Black adolescents' positive developmental and mental health.
本研究考察了童年不良经历和种族歧视是否能预测青少年的内在发展资产、外在发展资产和抑郁症状。我们还测试了这些关系是否会受到照顾者关于种族社会化努力（即文化社会化和偏见准备）报告的某些方面的缓冲作用。研究参与者为12至17岁的黑人青少年（平均年龄=15.09，标准差=1.36）及其照顾者。研究结果表明，青少年的种族歧视经历和童年不良经历与较少的内在资产、较少的外在资产以及更严重的抑郁症状相关。偏见准备在两种关联中起到了保护调节作用，即在低水平的偏见准备下，种族歧视预示着较少的外在资产，但在高水平的偏见准备下，这种关系变得不显著。同样，在低水平的偏见准备下，童年不良经历预示着更严重的抑郁症状，但在高水平的偏见准备下，这种关系变得不显著。照顾者的文化社会化也具有保护作用，即在低水平的文化社会化下，童年不良经历预示着较少的内在发展资产，但在高水平的文化社会化下，这种关系变得不显著。童年不良经历和种族歧视会导致更差的结果，但照顾者努力教导孩子有关他们的种族、民族和文化，在其中一些关联中具有保护作用。研究结果强调，关注风险因素和保护性的家庭文化过程对于促进黑人青少年的积极发展和心理健康很重要。
