Kelley Shana O, Mirkin Chad A, Walt David R, Ismagilov Rustem F, Toner Mehmet, Sargent Edward H
Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3M2, Canada.
Department of Chemistry, International Institute for Nanotechnology, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, USA.
Nat Nanotechnol. 2014 Dec;9(12):969-80. doi: 10.1038/nnano.2014.261.
Rapid progress in identifying disease biomarkers has increased the importance of creating high-performance detection technologies. Over the last decade, the design of many detection platforms has focused on either the nano or micro length scale. Here, we review recent strategies that combine nano- and microscale materials and devices to produce large improvements in detection sensitivity, speed and accuracy, allowing previously undetectable biomarkers to be identified in clinical samples. Microsensors that incorporate nanoscale features can now rapidly detect disease-related nucleic acids expressed in patient samples. New microdevices that separate large clinical samples into nanocompartments allow precise quantitation of analytes, and microfluidic systems that utilize nanoscale binding events can detect rare cancer cells in the bloodstream more accurately than before. These advances will lead to faster and more reliable clinical diagnostic devices.
在疾病生物标志物识别方面的快速进展增加了创建高性能检测技术的重要性。在过去十年中，许多检测平台的设计都集中在纳米或微米长度尺度上。在此，我们回顾了最近将纳米和微米尺度的材料与设备相结合的策略，这些策略在检测灵敏度、速度和准确性方面有了大幅提高，使得临床样本中以前无法检测到的生物标志物得以识别。结合纳米级特征的微传感器现在能够快速检测患者样本中表达的与疾病相关的核酸。将大型临床样本分离到纳米隔室中的新型微设备能够对分析物进行精确量化，而利用纳米级结合事件的微流控系统能够比以往更准确地检测血液中的罕见癌细胞。这些进展将带来更快、更可靠的临床诊断设备。
