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热带非洲的保护区:评估威胁与保护活动

Protected areas in tropical Africa: assessing threats and conservation activities.

作者信息

Tranquilli Sandra, Abedi-Lartey Michael, Abernethy Katharine, Amsini Fidèle, Asamoah Augustus, Balangtaa Cletus, Blake Stephen, Bouanga Estelle, Breuer Thomas, Brncic Terry M, Campbell Geneviève, Chancellor Rebecca, Chapman Colin A, Davenport Tim R B, Dunn Andrew, Dupain Jef, Ekobo Atanga, Eno-Nku Manasseh, Etoga Gilles, Furuichi Takeshi, Gatti Sylvain, Ghiurghi Andrea, Hashimoto Chie, Hart John A, Head Josephine, Hega Martin, Herbinger Ilka, Hicks Thurston C, Holbech Lars H, Huijbregts Bas, Kühl Hjalmar S, Imong Inaoyom, Yeno Stephane Le-Duc, Linder Joshua, Marshall Phil, Lero Peter Minasoma, Morgan David, Mubalama Leonard, N'Goran Paul K, Nicholas Aaron, Nixon Stuart, Normand Emmanuelle, Nziguyimpa Leonidas, Nzooh-Dongmo Zacharie, Ofori-Amanfo Richard, Ogunjemite Babafemi G, Petre Charles-Albert, Rainey Hugo J, Regnaut Sebastien, Robinson Orume, Rundus Aaron, Sanz Crickette M, Okon David Tiku, Todd Angelique, Warren Ymke, Sommer Volker

机构信息

Department of Biological Anthropology, University College London, London, United Kingdom.

Department of Migration and Immuno-Ecology, Max Planck Institute for Ornithology, Radolfzell, Germany; Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany.

出版信息

PLoS One. 2014 Dec 3;9(12):e114154. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0114154. eCollection 2014.

Abstract

Numerous protected areas (PAs) have been created in Africa to safeguard wildlife and other natural resources. However, significant threats from anthropogenic activities and decline of wildlife populations persist, while conservation efforts in most PAs are still minimal. We assessed the impact level of the most common threats to wildlife within PAs in tropical Africa and the relationship of conservation activities with threat impact level. We collated data on 98 PAs with tropical forest cover from 15 countries across West, Central and East Africa. For this, we assembled information about local threats as well as conservation activities from published and unpublished literature, and questionnaires sent to long-term field workers. We constructed general linear models to test the significance of specific conservation activities in relation to the threat impact level. Subsistence and commercial hunting were identified as the most common direct threats to wildlife and found to be most prevalent in West and Central Africa. Agriculture and logging represented the most common indirect threats, and were most prevalent in West Africa. We found that the long-term presence of conservation activities (such as law enforcement, research and tourism) was associated with lower threat impact levels. Our results highlight deficiencies in the management effectiveness of several PAs across tropical Africa, and conclude that PA management should invest more into conservation activities with long-term duration.

摘要

非洲已设立了众多保护区(PAs)来保护野生动物和其他自然资源。然而,人为活动带来的重大威胁以及野生动物数量的减少依然存在,而大多数保护区的保护工作仍十分有限。我们评估了热带非洲保护区内对野生动物最常见威胁的影响程度,以及保护活动与威胁影响程度之间的关系。我们整理了来自西非、中非和东非15个国家的98个有热带森林覆盖的保护区的数据。为此,我们从已发表和未发表的文献以及发给长期野外工作者的问卷中收集了有关当地威胁和保护活动的信息。我们构建了一般线性模型来检验特定保护活动与威胁影响程度之间关系的显著性。自给性狩猎和商业狩猎被确定为对野生动物最常见的直接威胁,且在西非和中非最为普遍。农业和伐木是最常见的间接威胁,在西非最为普遍。我们发现保护活动(如执法、研究和旅游)的长期存在与较低的威胁影响程度相关。我们的研究结果凸显了热带非洲多个保护区在管理有效性方面的不足,并得出结论,保护区管理应更多地投入到长期的保护活动中。

https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/9f76/4254933/002cfb3e984d/pone.0114154.g001.jpg

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