Wiman Nik G, Walton Vaughn M, Shearer Peter W, Rondon Silvia I
Department of Horticulture, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, United States of America.
Mid-Columbia Agricultural Research and Extension Center, Oregon State University, Hood River, Oregon, United States of America.
PLoS One. 2014 Dec 4;9(12):e113514. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0113514. eCollection 2014.
Brown marmorated stink bug, Halyomorpha halys (Stål), (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) is an invasive polyphagous agricultural and urban nuisance pest of Asian origin that is becoming widespread in North America and Europe. Despite the economic importance of pentatomid pests worldwide, their feeding behavior is poorly understood. Electronically monitored insect feeding (EMIF) technology is a useful tool in studies of feeding behavior of Hemiptera. Here we examined H. halys feeding behavior using an EMIF system designed for high throughput studies in environmental chambers. Our objectives were to quantify feeding activity by monitoring proboscis contacts with green beans, including labial dabbing and stylet penetration of the beans, which we collectively define as 'probes'. We examined frequency and duration of 'probes' in field-collected H. halys over 48 hours and we determined how environmental conditions could affect diel and seasonal periodicity of 'probing' activity. We found differences in 'probing' activity between months when the assays were conducted. These differences in activity may have reflected different environmental conditions, and they also coincide with what is known about the phenology of H. halys. While a substantial number of 'probes' occurred during scotophase, including some of the longest mean 'probe' durations, activity was either lower or similar to 'probing' activity levels during photophase on average. We found that temperature had a significant impact on H. halys 'probing' behavior and may influence periodicity of activity. Our data suggest that the minimal temperature at which 'probing' of H. halys occurs is between 3.5 and 6.1 °C (95% CI), and that 'probing' does not occur at temperatures above 26.5 to 29.6 °C (95% CI). We estimated that the optimal temperature for 'probing' is between 16 and 17 °C.
棕色球形异蝽，学名Halyomorpha halys (Stål)，（半翅目：蝽科）是一种原产于亚洲的多食性农业和城市害虫，在北美和欧洲正广泛传播。尽管蝽科害虫在全球具有经济重要性，但其取食行为却鲜为人知。电子监测昆虫取食（EMIF）技术是研究半翅目取食行为的有用工具。在此，我们使用专为环境箱中的高通量研究设计的EMIF系统，研究了棕色球形异蝽的取食行为。我们的目标是通过监测喙与绿豆的接触来量化取食活动，包括唇部轻触和喙管刺入绿豆，我们将其统称为“探针”。我们在48小时内检查了野外采集的棕色球形异蝽的“探针”频率和持续时间，并确定环境条件如何影响“探针”活动的昼夜和季节周期性。我们发现在进行试验的不同月份之间，“探针”活动存在差异。这些活动差异可能反映了不同的环境条件，并且它们也与棕色球形异蝽的物候学知识相吻合。虽然在暗期发生了大量的“探针”，包括一些平均“探针”持续时间最长的情况，但平均而言，活动在光期要么较低，要么与“探针”活动水平相似。我们发现温度对棕色球形异蝽的“探针”行为有显著影响，并且可能影响活动的周期性。我们的数据表明，棕色球形异蝽发生“探针”的最低温度在3.5至6.1℃之间（95%置信区间），并且在高于26.5至29.6℃的温度下不发生“探针”（95%置信区间）。我们估计“探针”的最佳温度在16至17℃之间。
