Department of Dental Hygiene, Baekseok Culture University, Cheonan, South Korea.
Department of Preventive Medicine, College of Medicine, Dankook University, Cheonan, South Korea; The Environmental Health Center (Neurodevelopment), Dankook University Medical Center, Cheonan, South Korea.
Psychiatry Res. 2015 Jan 30;225(1-2):164-168. doi: 10.1016/j.psychres.2014.11.009. Epub 2014 Nov 13.
Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is caused by the interaction of genetic and environmental factors. The objective of this study was to examine the effects of prenatal exposure to alcohol and environmental tobacco smoke (ETS). Among the 30,552 parents who responded to a survey, the answers of 19,940 who replied to questions on prenatal exposure to ETS, alcohol consumption, and completed the DuPaul Rating Scale were analyzed. Results revealed that risk of ADHD significantly increased as a result of exposure to alcohol by 1.55 times (95% CI 1.33-1.82), maternal smoking during pregnancy by 2.64 times (95% CI 1.45-4.80), and paternal smoking during pregnancy by 1.17 times (95% CI 1.98-1.39). When the subjects whose mothers did not smoke during pregnancy were divided into 4 groups, the prevalence was 1.16 times higher (95% CI 1.02-1.33) in the group exposed to ETS but not alcohol, 1.19 times higher (95% CI 0.91-1.57) in the group exposed to alcohol but not ETS, and 1.58 times higher (95% CI 1.31-1.91) in the group exposed to ETS and alcohol. The differences between the groups were statistically significantly (P<0.0001). This result shows that simultaneous exposure to ETS and alcohol during pregnancy increases the risk of ADHD.
注意缺陷多动障碍（ADHD）是由遗传和环境因素相互作用引起的。本研究旨在探讨产前暴露于酒精和环境烟草烟雾（ETS）的影响。在对调查做出回应的 30552 位父母中，对回答了关于产前 ETS 暴露、酒精摄入和完成 DuPaul 评定量表问题的 19940 位父母的答案进行了分析。结果表明，由于暴露于酒精，ADHD 的风险显著增加了 1.55 倍（95%置信区间 1.33-1.82），母亲在怀孕期间吸烟增加了 2.64 倍（95%置信区间 1.45-4.80），父亲在怀孕期间吸烟增加了 1.17 倍（95%置信区间 1.98-1.39）。当将母亲在怀孕期间不吸烟的受试者分为 4 组时，暴露于 ETS 但不暴露于酒精的组的患病率高 1.16 倍（95%置信区间 1.02-1.33），暴露于酒精但不暴露于 ETS 的组高 1.19 倍（95%置信区间 0.91-1.57），暴露于 ETS 和酒精的组高 1.58 倍（95%置信区间 1.31-1.91）。组间差异具有统计学意义（P<0.0001）。这一结果表明，妊娠期间同时暴露于 ETS 和酒精会增加 ADHD 的风险。
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