功能获得性实验：是时候进行一场真正的辩论了。
Gain-of-function experiments: time for a real debate.
作者信息
Duprex W Paul, Fouchier Ron A M, Imperiale Michael J, Lipsitch Marc, Relman David A
机构信息
Boston University School of Medicine and the National Emerging Infectious Diseases Laboratories (NEIDL), Boston, Massachusetts 02118, USA.
Department of Viroscience of Erasmus MC Rotterdam, 3015 GE Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
出版信息
Nat Rev Microbiol. 2015 Jan;13(1):58-64. doi: 10.1038/nrmicro3405. Epub 2014 Dec 8.
According to the WHO, dual use research of concern (DURC) is "life sciences research that is intended for benefit, but which might easily be misapplied to do harm". Recent studies, particularly those on influenza viruses, have led to renewed attention on DURC, as there is an ongoing debate over whether the benefits of gain-of-function (GOF) experiments that result in an increase in the transmission and/or pathogenicity of potential pandemic pathogens (PPPs) are outweighed by concerns over biosecurity and biosafety. In this Viewpoint article, proponents and opponents of GOF experiments discuss the benefits and risks associated with these studies, as well as the implications of the current debate for the scientific community and the general public, and suggest how the current discussion should move forward.
根据世界卫生组织的定义，具有潜在危害的两用研究（DURC）是指“旨在造福人类，但可能容易被滥用而造成危害的生命科学研究”。近期的研究，尤其是关于流感病毒的研究，引发了对具有潜在危害的两用研究的再度关注，因为对于功能获得性（GOF）实验所带来的益处（即这些实验能够使潜在大流行病原体（PPP）的传播性和/或致病性增强）是否超过生物安全和生物安保方面的担忧，目前仍存在争议。在这篇观点文章中，功能获得性实验的支持者和反对者探讨了这些研究相关的益处与风险，以及当前这场辩论对科学界和公众的影响，并就如何推动当前的讨论提出了建议。
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