百日咳
Pertussis.
作者信息
Gabutti Giovanni, Azzari Chiara, Bonanni Paolo, Prato Rosa, Tozzi Alberto E, Zanetti Alessandro, Zuccotti Gianvincenzo
机构信息
a Department of Medical Sciences; University of Ferrara; Ferrara, Italy.
出版信息
Hum Vaccin Immunother. 2015;11(1):108-17. doi: 10.4161/hv.34364. Epub 2014 Nov 1.
Pertussis continues to be an important public-health issue. The high immunization coverage rates achieved, mainly in industrialized countries, have certainly decreased the spread of the pathogen. However, as immunity wanes, adolescents and adults play an important role in the dynamics of the infection. The surveillance system has several limitations and the underestimation of pertussis in adolescents, young adults and adults is mainly related to the atypical clinical characteristics of cases and the lack of lab confirmation. The real epidemiological impact of pertussis is not always perceived. The unavailability of comprehensive data should not hamper the adoption of active prophylactic measures designed to avoid the impact of waning immunity against pertussis. Different immunization strategies have been suggested and/or already adopted such as immunization of newborns, pre-school and school children, adolescents, adults, healthcare workers, childcare workers, pregnant women, cocoon strategy. Prevention of pertussis requires an integrated approach and the adoption of different immunization strategies, with the objective of achieving and maintaining high coverage rates.
百日咳仍然是一个重要的公共卫生问题。主要在工业化国家实现的高免疫覆盖率肯定降低了病原体的传播。然而，随着免疫力下降，青少年和成年人在感染动态中发挥着重要作用。监测系统有若干局限性，青少年、青年和成年人中百日咳的漏报主要与病例的非典型临床特征以及缺乏实验室确诊有关。百日咳的实际流行病学影响并不总是被认识到。全面数据的缺乏不应妨碍采取积极的预防措施以避免百日咳免疫力下降的影响。已经提出和/或已经采用了不同的免疫策略，如新生儿、学龄前和学龄儿童、青少年、成年人、医护人员、儿童保育员、孕妇的免疫接种，“茧式”策略。预防百日咳需要综合方法并采用不同的免疫策略，目标是实现并维持高覆盖率。
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