González-Badillo Juan J, Pareja-Blanco Fernando, Rodríguez-Rosell David, Abad-Herencia José L, Del Ojo-López Juan J, Sánchez-Medina Luis
1Physical and Athletic Performance Research Center, Faculty of Sport, Pablo de Olavide University, Seville, Spain; and 2Studies, Research and Sports Medicine Center, Government of Navarre, Pamplona, Spain.
J Strength Cond Res. 2015 May;29(5):1329-38. doi: 10.1519/JSC.0000000000000764.
This study aimed to analyze the effect of velocity-based resistance training (RT) with moderate loads and few repetitions per set combined with jumps and sprints on physical performance in young soccer players of different ages. A total of 44 elite youth soccer players belonging to 3 teams participated in this study: an under-16 team (U16, n = 17) and an under-18 team (U18, n = 16) performed maximal velocity RT program for 26 weeks in addition to typical soccer training, whereas an under-21 team (U21, n = 11) did not perform RT. Before and after the training program, all players performed 20-m running sprint (T20), countermovement jump (CMJ), a progressive isoinertial loading test in squat to determine the load that elicited a ∼ 1 m · s(-1) velocity (V1LOAD) and an incremental field test to determine maximal aerobic speed (MAS). U16 showed significantly (p = 0.000) greater gains in V1LOAD than U18 and U21 (100/0/0%). Only U16 showed significantly (p = 0.01) greater gains than U21 (99/1/0%) in CMJ height. U18 obtained a likely better effect on CMJ performance than U21 (89/10/1%). The beneficial effects on T20 between groups were unclear. U16 showed a likely better effect on MAS than U21 (80/17/3%), whereas the rest of comparisons were unclear. The changes in CMJ correlated with the changes in T20 (r = -0.49) and V1LOAD (r = 0.40). In conclusion, velocity-based RT with moderate load and few repetitions per set seems to be an adequate method to improve physical performance in young soccer players.
本研究旨在分析基于速度的阻力训练（RT），即中等负荷且每组重复次数较少并结合跳跃和冲刺训练，对不同年龄段年轻足球运动员身体机能的影响。共有来自3个球队的44名精英青年足球运动员参与了本研究：一支16岁以下球队（U16，n = 17）和一支18岁以下球队（U18，n = 16）除了进行常规足球训练外，还进行了为期26周的最大速度RT训练计划，而一支21岁以下球队（U21，n = 11）未进行RT训练。在训练计划前后，所有球员都进行了20米跑步冲刺（T20）、反向纵跳（CMJ）、深蹲中的渐进等惯性负荷测试以确定能产生约1米·秒⁻¹速度的负荷（V1LOAD）以及递增场地测试以确定最大有氧速度（MAS）。U16在V1LOAD方面的提升显著高于U18和U21（100/0/0%）（p = 0.000）。只有U16在CMJ高度方面的提升显著高于U21（99/1/0%）（p = 0.01）。U18在CMJ表现上可能比U21有更好的效果（89/10/1%）。各小组之间对T20的有益影响不明确。U16在MAS方面可能比U21有更好的效果（80/17/3%），而其他比较结果不明确。CMJ的变化与T20的变化相关（r = -0.49）以及与V1LOAD的变化相关（r = 0.40）。总之，中等负荷且每组重复次数较少的基于速度的RT似乎是提高年轻足球运动员身体机能的一种合适方法。
